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Shloka 17

प्रजापतयः देवगणाश्च दिशि-दिशि स्थिताः ऋषयः

Prajāpatis, Deva-Groups, and the Ṛṣis Assigned to the Directions

सर्पान्‌ कुशाग्राणि तथोदपानं ज्ञात्वा मनुष्या: परिवर्जयन्ति | अज्ञानतस्तत्र पतन्ति केचि- ज्ज्ञाने फलं पश्य यथा विशिष्टम्‌

sarpān kuśāgrāṇi tathodapānaṃ jñātvā manuṣyāḥ parivarjayanti | ajñānatastatra patanti kecij jñāne phalaṃ paśya yathā viśiṣṭam ||

Bhīṣma nói: Khi người ta nhận ra trên đường có rắn, có những ngọn cỏ kuśa sắc nhọn, và có một cái giếng, họ liền tránh đi và qua được an toàn. Nhưng vì vô minh, có kẻ lại sa vào chính những hiểm họa ấy. Vậy hãy nhìn xem: quả của tri thức thật đặc biệt và hiển nhiên biết bao.

सर्पान्snakes
सर्पान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कुशाग्राणिsharp tips/thorns of kuśa-grass
कुशाग्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुशाग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उदपानम्a well
उदपानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउदपान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
मनुष्याःpeople/men
मनुष्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परिवर्जयन्तिavoid, shun
परिवर्जयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + वर्ज्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
अज्ञानतःout of ignorance
अज्ञानतः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular, Ablative used adverbially
तत्रthere, in that place
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
पतन्तिfall
पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
केचित्some (persons)
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Indefinite pronoun (some)
ज्ञानेin/through knowledge
ज्ञाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पश्यsee (you)!
पश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperative, Imperative, Parasmaipada, Second, Singular
यथाhow, as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
विशिष्टम्distinct, excellent, special
विशिष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle) used adjectivally

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
snakes (sarpāḥ)
K
kuśa grass (kuśa)
W
well (udapāna)

Educational Q&A

Knowledge has a practical, protective value: recognizing dangers enables avoidance, while ignorance leads to preventable suffering. Bhishma highlights jñāna as an immediately verifiable benefit in ethical life.

In Bhishma’s instruction (Shanti Parva), he uses a simple road-side analogy—snakes, sharp grass, and a well—to show Yudhisthira that discernment and right understanding guide safe conduct, whereas lack of awareness causes people to stumble into harm.