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Shloka 109

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

स्वधर्म: परिपाल्यस्तु राज्ञामिति विनिश्चय: । विप्रधर्मश्ष गहनो मामनात्मानमाविशत्‌

svadharmaḥ paripālyas tu rājñām iti viniścayaḥ | vipradharmaś ca gahano mām anātmānam āviśat ||

“Giáo pháp đã định rằng các bậc quân vương phải gìn giữ bổn phận của mình. Thế nhưng vào ta—kẻ chưa chế ngự được chính mình—lại đã thấm nhập thứ dharma thâm sâu và khó lường của Bà-la-môn.”

स्वधर्मःone's own duty
स्वधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिपाल्यःto be protected/maintained (ought to be observed)
परिपाल्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि+पाल्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विनिश्चयःdecision; settled conclusion
विनिश्चयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विप्रधर्मःthe duty of a brahmin
विप्रधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गहनःdeep; hard to fathom
गहनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगहन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
अनात्मानम्one without self-control
अनात्मानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनात्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आविशत्entered; came upon
आविशत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ+विश्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

ब्राह्मण उवाच

ब्राह्मण (Brāhmaṇa)
राजा/राज्ञः (king/ruler)

Educational Q&A

The verse affirms the principle of svadharma: rulers must uphold the duties proper to kingship (rājadharma). At the same time, it highlights how brāhmaṇa-dharma is subtle and demanding, requiring inner discipline; without self-mastery, even a noble dharma can feel overpowering or difficult to sustain.

A brāhmaṇa speaker reflects on a tension between role-based duty: the established rule that kings should follow rājadharma, and his own inner pull toward the deep, rigorous brāhmaṇa-dharma. He admits personal lack of self-control, suggesting an internal struggle as this higher, more austere ethical code ‘enters’ and challenges him.