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Shloka 13

मनु-उपदेशः — भूत-उत्पत्ति, इन्द्रिय-निवृत्ति, तथा पर-स्वभाव-विवेकः

Manu’s Instruction on Elemental Origination, Sense-Withdrawal, and Discrimination of the Supreme Nature

भरतनन्दन! श्रोत्र आदि पाँच इन्द्रियाँ और मन--ये जीवात्माको विषयोंका ज्ञान करानेवाले हैं। शरीरमें इन छः के अतिरिक्त सातवीं बुद्धि और आठवाँ क्षेत्रज्ञ है ।।

bharatanandana! śrotrādīni pañcendriyāṇi ca manaś ca—etāni jīvātmanaḥ viṣayajñāna-kārakāṇi. śarīre etebhyaḥ ṣaḍbhyaḥ pṛthak saptamī buddhir aṣṭamaḥ kṣetrajñaś ca. cakṣur ālocanāyaiva saṃśayaṃ kurute manaḥ; buddhir adhyavasānāya; kṣetrajñaḥ sākṣivat sthitaḥ.

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi hậu duệ Bharata, năm giác quan bắt đầu từ thính giác cùng với tâm (manas) — ấy là những khí cụ nhờ đó ngã cá thể (jīva) biết được các đối tượng. Trong thân này, ngoài sáu thứ ấy còn có thứ bảy là buddhi (trí quyết đoán), và thứ tám là kṣetrajña (Tự Ngã). Mắt dùng để thấy; tâm khởi nghi và phân vân; buddhi đem lại sự quyết định; còn kṣetrajña an trụ như một chứng nhân.”

चक्षुःthe eye
चक्षुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आलोचनायfor seeing/observation
आलोचनाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआलोचना
FormFeminine, Dative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
संशयम्doubt
संशयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरुतेmakes/produces
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
मनःthe mind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अध्यवसानायfor determination/decision
अध्यवसानाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यवसान
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
क्षेत्रज्ञःthe knower of the field (Self)
क्षेत्रज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
साक्षिwitness
साक्षि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वत्like/as
वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवत्
स्थितःstands/is situated
स्थितः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bharatanandana (Yudhiṣṭhira)
Ś
śrotra (ear)
C
cakṣus (eye)
M
manas (mind)
B
buddhi (intellect)
K
kṣetrajña (Self/Knower of the Field)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes the functions of the senses, mind, intellect, and the kṣetrajña (Self): senses present objects, mind doubts and oscillates, intellect decides, while the Self remains a detached witness. Ethical steadiness comes from not mistaking the mind’s fluctuations for the Self.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhishma explains an inner psychology of cognition—how perception and decision arise—and points to the kṣetrajña as the witnessing consciousness, supporting Yudhiṣṭhira’s pursuit of dharma through self-understanding.