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Shloka 27

मृत्यु-काल-प्रबोधनम् (Instruction on Mortality, Time, and Truth) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 169

तेषामप्यधमा राजन्‌ कृतघ्ना मित्रघातका: । त्यक्तव्यास्तु दुराचारा: सर्वेषामिति निश्चय:

teṣām apy adhamā rājan kṛtaghnā mitraghātakāḥ | tyaktavyās tu durācārāḥ sarveṣām iti niścayaḥ ||

Bhishma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, ngay cả trong số những kẻ đáng chê trách ấy, thấp hèn nhất là kẻ vô ơn—kẻ có thể giết cả bạn hữu của mình. Vì vậy, những kẻ gian ác, hạnh kiểm xấu xa ấy phải bị từ bỏ từ xa; đó là điều mọi người đều nhất quyết.”

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अधमाःlowest, vile (ones)
अधमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअधम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कृतघ्नाःungrateful (ones)
कृतघ्नाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतघ्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मित्रघातकाःslayers of friends
मित्रघातकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्रघातक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्यक्तव्याःto be abandoned
त्यक्तव्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दुराचाराःevil-doers, of bad conduct
दुराचाराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुराचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
निश्चयःdecision, settled conclusion
निश्चयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
King (Yudhiṣṭhira, addressed as rājan)

Educational Q&A

Ingratitude is portrayed as the basest vice because it destroys trust and can lead even to betrayal and violence against friends; therefore, such incorrigibly immoral people should be avoided and renounced.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma advises the king on recognizing harmful character types, declaring the ungrateful—capable of harming friends—as the worst and recommending that they be kept at a distance and abandoned.