Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 4

Śānti-parva 168: Śoka-nivṛtti-buddhi (The Cognition that Reduces Grief) and Piṅgalā’s Nairāśya

ततोड<र्थगतितत्त्वज्ञ: प्रथमं प्रतिभानवान्‌ | जगाद विदुरो वाक्य धर्मशास्त्रमनुस्मरन्‌,तब अर्थकी गति और तत्त्वको जाननेवाले प्रतिभाशाली विदुरजीने धर्मशास्त्रका स्मरण करके सबसे पहले कहना आरम्भ किया

tato 'rthagati-tattvajñaḥ prathamaṃ pratibhānavān | jagāda viduro vākyaṃ dharmaśāstram anusmaran ||

Bấy giờ Vidura—người thấu triệt chân lý và đường lối xử thế, lại được phú cho tuệ giác—đã cất lời trước tiên, nhớ lại những giáo huấn của Dharmaśāstra. Lời dẫn truyện cho thấy rằng những điều sắp nói ra là lời khuyên đặt nền trên luật đạo đức và nghệ thuật trị quốc thận trọng, chứ không phải do bốc đồng hay vì lợi ích phe phái.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya
अर्थगति-तत्त्वज्ञःknower of the course of meaning and of truth/essence
अर्थगति-तत्त्वज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्थगति-तत्त्वज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रथमम्first
प्रथमम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रथम
FormAvyaya (adverbial accusative)
प्रतिभानवान्intelligent, endowed with insight
प्रतिभानवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिभानवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जगादsaid/spoke
जगाद:
TypeVerb
Rootगद्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
विदुरःVidura
विदुरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविदुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाक्यम्speech/words
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मशास्त्रम्the treatise on dharma (law/duty)
धर्मशास्त्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुस्मरन्remembering, calling to mind
अनुस्मरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनुस्मृ
FormPresent active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
V
Vidura
D
Dharmaśāstra

Educational Q&A

Sound counsel should arise from dharma-informed reflection: Vidura speaks as one who understands both moral truth (tattva) and the real-world course of policy and consequences (artha-gati), indicating that ethical law and practical prudence must be joined.

Vaiśampāyana reports that Vidura begins speaking first. The verse functions as a transition, introducing Vidura’s forthcoming discourse as grounded in remembered Dharmaśāstra principles and in clear understanding of political and ethical realities.