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Shloka 22

Adhyāya 164: Gautama as Guest; Kaśyapa’s Satkāra and the Fourfold Arthagati; Journey to Virūpākṣa

एतान्येव जितान्याहु: प्रशमाच्च त्रयोदश । एते हि धार्तराष्ट्राणां सर्वे दोषास्त्रयोदश

etāny eva jitāny āhuḥ praśamāc ca trayodaśa | ete hi dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ sarve doṣās trayodaśa ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Người ta bảo rằng chính mười ba điều ấy được chế ngự nhờ tự chế và sự an tĩnh nội tâm. Bởi đó là mười ba lỗi lầm nơi các con của Dhṛtarāṣṭra. Nhờ chọn lấy chân lý và gần gũi bậc hiền thiện, người ta chiến thắng những tật xấu ấy bằng kỷ luật của hòa bình.”

एतानिthese (things)
एतानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
जितानिconquered/overcome
जितानि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजि
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Plural
आहुःthey say/declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
प्रशमात्from calmness/through pacification
प्रशमात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रशम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्रयोदशthirteen
त्रयोदश:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रयोदश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्of the sons of Dhritarashtra (Kauravas)
धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दोषाःfaults/vices
दोषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयोदशthirteen
त्रयोदश:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रयोदश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
Dhritarashtra
S
sons of Dhritarashtra (Dhartarastras/Kauravas)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that inner calm and disciplined self-restraint (praśama) is the means to conquer a set of thirteen moral faults; ethical victory is achieved not by force but by pacifying the mind and restraining impulses.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to the king, Bhishma continues his counsel on governance and personal conduct, pointing to the Kauravas as an example of people in whom these faults were present, and emphasizing that one should overcome such defects through peace and the guidance of the virtuous.