Shloka 33

त्रिवर्गविचारः

Tri-varga Deliberation: Dharma, Artha, Kāma

Devanagari script

ज्ञानारामस्य बुद्धस्य सर्वभूताविरोधिन: । नावृत्तिभयमस्तीह परलोकभयं कुत:

Transliteration

jñānārāmasya buddhasya sarvabhūtāvirodhinaḥ | nāvṛttibhayam astīha paralokabhayaṃ kutaḥ ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Với bậc hiền triết đã tỉnh thức, vui trong tự ngã vốn là bản tính của tri kiến, và không hề đối nghịch với bất cứ hữu tình nào, thì ở đời này không có nỗi sợ phải trở lại sinh tử. Vậy làm sao còn có thể sợ hãi đời sau?”

Word by Word

• ज्ञानारामस्य: of the one who delights in knowledge (knowledge-delighting sage)
• ज्ञानारामस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञानाराम
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• बुद्धस्य: of the enlightened/wise one
• बुद्धस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सर्वभूताविरोधिनः: of one who is non-hostile to all beings
• सर्वभूताविरोधिनः: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वभूताविरोधिन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• आवृत्तिभयम्: fear of return (rebirth)
• आवृत्तिभयम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आवृत्ति-भय
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अस्ति: is/exists
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• इह: here (in this world)
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• परलोकभयम्: fear of the next world
• परलोकभयम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परलोक-भय
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• कुतः: whence?/how (could it be)?
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कुतः

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Freedom from fear arises from two linked attainments: abiding in the Self as knowledge (jñānārāma) and complete non-hostility toward all beings (sarvabhūtāvirodhin). Such a person is not bound to return to rebirth (āvṛtti), and therefore has no anxiety about the afterlife (paraloka).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira by describing the marks of a liberated, awakened person: one who is inwardly established in knowledge and outwardly harmless to all beings, thereby transcending fear of both this world and the next.