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Shloka 6

Khaḍgotpattiḥ (Origin and Dharmic Function of the Sword) | खड्गोत्पत्तिः

भीष्म उवाच रागो द्वेषस्तथा मोहो हर्ष: शोको5भिमानिता । काम: क्रोधश्न दर्पक्ष तन्द्री चालस्यमेव च

bhīṣma uvāca | rāgo dveṣas tathā moho harṣaḥ śoko 'bhimānitā | kāmaḥ krodhaś ca darpaś ca tandrī cālasyam eva ca |

Bhīṣma đáp: “Muôn tâu Đại vương, tham luyến và oán ghét, mê muội, hân hoan và sầu khổ, cùng sự tự phụ; dục vọng và phẫn nộ, kiêu mạn, cơn buồn ngủ và tính lười biếng—tất thảy đều phải hiểu là những dạng của vô minh, vì chúng phát sinh từ việc không biết chân lý. Xét theo đạo lý, đó là những lỗi lầm nội tâm làm mờ trí phân biệt và đẩy con người rời xa dharma.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
रागःattachment, passion
रागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वेषःhatred, aversion
द्वेषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand also, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
मोहःdelusion
मोहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हर्षःjoy, exhilaration
हर्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहर्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शोकःgrief
शोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभिमानिताself-conceit / pride (as a state)
अभिमानिता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिमानित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कामःdesire, lust
कामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रोधःanger
क्रोधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दर्पःarrogance
दर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तन्द्रीdrowsiness, lethargy
तन्द्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतन्द्रा/तन्द्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आलस्यम्laziness
आलस्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआलस्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma lists mental afflictions—attachment, aversion, delusion, emotional extremes, egoism, desire, anger, pride, lethargy, and sloth—as marks of ignorance. The ethical point is that these states distort judgment and lead one away from dharma; recognizing and restraining them is part of self-mastery.

In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on dharma and inner discipline after the war. Here he is defining what counts as ‘ignorance’ by enumerating the passions and weaknesses that bind and mislead a person.