Shloka 156

नृशंस-लक्षणनिर्णयः | Determining the Marks of Cruel Conduct

Nṛśaṃsa

Devanagari script

इस प्रकार श्रीमद्ा भारत शान्तिपर्वके अन्तर्गत आपद्धर्मपर्वमें पवन-शाल्मलि-संवादविषयक एक सौ छप्पनवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ

Transliteration

iti prakāraḥ śrīmad-bhārate śānti-parvaṇi antargate āpad-dharma-parvaṇi pavana-śālmalī-saṃvāda-viṣayaka eka-śata-ṣaṭ-pañcāśattamaḥ adhyāyaḥ pūrṇaḥ

Translation

Như vậy, chương thứ một trăm năm mươi sáu của phần Āpaddharma thuộc Śānti Parva trong bộ Mahābhārata tôn kính—nói về cuộc đối thoại giữa Pavana (Thần Gió) và cây Śālmalī—đã được kết thúc. Lời kết (colophon) này báo hiệu sự hoàn mãn của một đoạn giáo huấn đặt trong đạo lý xử thế khi lâm cảnh khốn nguy, do Bhīṣma truyền dạy.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• प्रकारेण: in this manner
• प्रकारेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रकार
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• श्रीमद्: glorious, venerable
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रीमद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महाभारत: Mahabharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाभारत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• शान्ति: of Shanti (peace)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्ति
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• पर्व: section/book (parva)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वन्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• अन्तर्गत: included within
• अन्तर्गत: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्तर्गत
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• आपद्: of distress/calamity
• Type: Noun
• Root: आपद्
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• धर्म: of dharma/duty
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• पर्व: in the parva/section
• पर्व: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• पवन: of the wind (Pavana)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पवन
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• शाल्मलि: of the silk-cotton tree (Śālmalī)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाल्मलि
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• संवाद: of the dialogue
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवाद
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• विषयक: concerning, pertaining to
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विषयक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एक: one
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शत: hundred
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• षट्: six
• Type: Noun
• Root: षट्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• पञ्चाशत्: fifty
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चाशत्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• अध्याय: chapter
• अध्याय: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सम्पूर्ण: complete
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्पूर्ण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अभवत्: was/has become (ended)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Śānti Parva
• Āpaddharma Parva
• Pavana (Wind)
• Śālmalī (tree)
• Mahābhārata

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

This line is a colophon marking the end of a chapter; it frames the preceding discourse as part of Āpaddharma—guidance on right conduct under crisis—delivered within Bhīṣma’s larger instruction in the Śānti Parva.

What is happening in the narrative?

The text signals completion of the chapter whose subject is the Pavana–Śālmalī dialogue; it is an editorial/narrative closure rather than a new spoken verse, indicating that the teaching episode has ended.