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Shloka 813

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

जीवतो ये न पश्यन्ति तेषां धर्मविपर्यय: । जो लोग जीवित माता-पिता, सुहृदों और भाई-बन्धुओंकी देखभाल नहीं करते हैं, उनके धर्मकी हानि होती है

jīvato ye na paśyanti teṣāṃ dharmaviparyayaḥ |

Jambuka nói: “Những kẻ khi bậc trưởng thượng còn sống mà không chăm nom—nhất là cha mẹ, cùng những người thân thiện và anh em bà con—ắt gặp sự đảo lộn của dharma. Trật tự đạo lý của họ sụp đổ vì bỏ bê bổn phận chăm sóc gần gũi và ràng buộc nhất.”

जीवतःof the living (persons)
जीवतः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पश्यन्तिsee / look after
पश्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
धर्म-विपर्ययःreversal/ruin of dharma
धर्म-विपर्ययः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविपर्यय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

जम्बुक उवाच

J
Jambuka
M
mother (mātā)
F
father (pitā)
W
well-wishers/friends (suhṛd)
B
brothers and kinsmen (bhrātṛ-bandhu)

Educational Q&A

Neglecting one’s living parents and close relations is presented as a direct inversion of dharma. The verse frames care for elders and dependents as a foundational ethical duty; abandoning it undermines one’s righteousness and social-moral stability.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Jambuka delivers a moral instruction: he condemns those who do not ‘see’—i.e., do not attend to and support—their living parents and close kin, declaring that such neglect results in dharma’s reversal for them.