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Shloka 9

Śaraṇāgata-Atithi-Dharma in the Kapota Narrative (कपोत-आख्यानम्—शरणागतधर्मः)

भीष्म उवाच राजमूला महाबाहो योगक्षेमसुवृष्टय: । प्रजासु व्याधयश्वचैव मरणं च भयानि च,भीष्मजीने कहा--महाबाहो! प्रजाके योग, क्षेम, उत्तम वृष्टि, व्याधि, मृत्यु और भय --इन सबका मूल कारण राजा ही है

bhīṣma uvāca rājamūlā mahābāho yogakṣemasuvṛṣṭayaḥ | prajāsū vyādhayaś caiva maraṇaṃ ca bhayāni ca ||

Bhīṣma đáp: “Hỡi bậc dũng sĩ tay mạnh, phúc lợi và an ninh của dân, những trận mưa đúng mùa và tốt lành, cũng như bệnh tật, cái chết và nỗi sợ trong thần dân—tất cả đều lấy nhà vua làm gốc. Nói cách khác, hạnh kiểm và việc trị vì của người cầm quyền là nguyên nhân quyết định cho cả thịnh vượng lẫn khổ đau của muôn dân.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजमूलाःhaving the king as the root/cause
राजमूलाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootराजमूल
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
योगक्षेमसुवृष्टयःprosperity (acquisition), security (preservation), and good rains
योगक्षेमसुवृष्टयः:
TypeNoun
Rootयोगक्षेमसुवृष्टि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
प्रजासुamong/in the subjects
प्रजासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
व्याधयःdiseases
व्याधयः:
TypeNoun
Rootव्याधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
मरणम्death
मरणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमरण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भयानिfears/dangers
भयानि:
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (implied)
S
Subjects/people (prajāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the king is the primary causal foundation for the people’s welfare and security as well as their calamities. Good governance supports prosperity and stability; misrule becomes a root cause of fear, disease, and social decline.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and emphasizes the ruler’s sweeping responsibility: the condition of the realm—material prosperity like rainfall and public health, and also dangers like fear and death—is tied to the king’s rule.