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Shloka 8

Śaraṇāgatapālana—Prastāvanā

Protection of the Refuge-Seeker: Opening of the Kapota Narrative

नित्यमुद्यतदण्डस्य भृशमुद्विजते नर: । तस्मात्‌ सर्वाणि भूतानि दण्डेनैव प्रसाधयेत्‌

nityam udyatadaṇḍasya bhṛśam udvijate naraḥ | tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni daṇḍenaiva prasādhayet ||

Bhīṣma nói: Người luôn sẵn tay dùng hình phạt thì khiến dân chúng vô cùng khiếp sợ. Vì vậy, muôn loài phải được giữ trong trật tự bằng hình phạt—tức bằng việc vận dụng daṇḍa một cách nghiêm minh và có uy quyền như công cụ trị quốc.

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
FormAvyaya (adverb)
उद्यतदण्डस्यof one with raised/ready staff (punishment)
उद्यतदण्डस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यतदण्ड
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
भृशम्greatly, excessively
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृश
FormAvyaya (adverb)
उद्विजतेfears, is frightened
उद्विजते:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + √विज्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, 3rd person, Singular
नरःa man (people/person)
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative singular used adverbially
सर्वाणिall
सर्वाणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
भूतानिbeings, creatures
भूतानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
दण्डेनby punishment/rod
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya (particle)
प्रसाधयेत्should control/discipline, should set right
प्रसाधयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √साध्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
daṇḍa (punishment/rod)
S
sarvāṇi bhūtāni (all beings/subjects)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma emphasizes the political-ethical role of daṇḍa: fear of punishment restrains wrongdoing, so a ruler maintains order by applying disciplined coercive authority. The verse highlights deterrence and regulation as essential tools of rāja-dharma.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, Bhishma is advising Yudhishthira on principles of kingship and social control, explaining how subjects respond to a ruler who is constantly ready to punish and why governance relies on daṇḍa to keep society orderly.