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Shloka 70

Śaraṇāgatapālana—Prastāvanā

Protection of the Refuge-Seeker: Opening of the Kapota Narrative

“जिसके पार न उतर सके, उस नदीको तैरनेका साहस न करे। जिसको शत्रु पुनः बलपूर्वक वापस ले सके ऐसे धनका अपहरण ही न करे। ऐसे वृक्ष या शत्रुको खोदने या नष्ट करनेकी चेष्टा न करे जिसकी जड़को उखाड़ फेंकना सम्भव न हो सके तथा उस वीरपर आघात न करे, जिसका मस्तक काटकर धरतीपर गिरा न सके ।।

yasya pāraṁ na tarituṁ śakyaṁ tāṁ nadīṁ tarituṁ sāhasaṁ na kuryāt | yaṁ śatruḥ punar balāt pratyānayituṁ śaknoti tādṛśasya dhanasya apaharaṇaṁ na kuryāt | yasya mūlaṁ samūlam uddhartum aśakyaṁ tādṛśaṁ vṛkṣaṁ (vā śatruṁ) khanitvā nāśayituṁ ceṣṭāṁ na kuryāt | yaṁ vīraṁ śiraś chettvā bhūmau pātayituṁ na śaknoti tasmin na prahāraṁ kuryāt || iti idam uktaṁ vṛjinābhi-saṁhitaṁ na ca etad evaṁ puruṣaḥ samācaret | para-prayukte na kathaṁ vibhāvayet—tato mayoktaṁ bhavato hitārthinā ||

Bhishma nói: “Chớ dám bơi qua con sông mà ngươi không thể tới bờ bên kia. Chớ đoạt lấy của cải mà kẻ thù có thể dùng sức giành lại. Chớ toan đào bật hay hủy diệt một cái cây—hay một kẻ thù—mà ngươi không thể nhổ tận gốc; và chớ ra tay với một dũng sĩ mà ngươi không thể chém đầu rồi quăng xuống đất. Lời khuyên này, tuy nói đến cách hành xử tội lỗi đối với kẻ thù, tuyệt không nên được người có năng lực đem dùng trong lúc thịnh vượng. Nhưng nếu kẻ thù chính bằng những thủ đoạn ấy gây nguy khốn cho ngươi, cớ sao ngươi lại không cân nhắc dùng chính những biện pháp ấy để đối trị? Vì lợi ích của ngươi mà ta đã nói hết điều này.”

इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उक्तम्said/uttered
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formkta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, passive/resultative
वृजिनsin/evil
वृजिन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृजिन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अभिसंहितम्intended/aimed at
अभिसंहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-सम्-धा
Formkta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाचरेत्should practice/should do
समाचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-चर्
FormVidhi-linga (optative), present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
परप्रयुक्तेwhen employed by the other (enemy)/when initiated by another
परप्रयुक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर-प्रयुक्त
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कथम्how/why
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
विभावयेत्should consider/should deliberate
विभावयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-भावय्
FormVidhi-linga (optative), causative present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अतःtherefore/for that reason
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
उक्तम्said
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formkta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
भवतःof you/for you (honorific)
भवतः:
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
हितार्थिनाby one desiring your welfare
हितार्थिना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootहित-अर्थिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
enemy (śatru)
R
river (nadī)
W
wealth (dhana)
T
tree (vṛkṣa)
W
warrior/hero (vīra)

Educational Q&A

Do not begin actions you cannot carry through to a decisive end—whether crossing a danger, seizing wealth, uprooting a threat, or striking a powerful foe. Such harsh, even sinful tactics are not to be used in normal, prosperous times; but if an enemy initiates such methods and creates peril, one may consider the same measures as defensive counteraction.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and conduct, Bhishma addresses the listener with strategic-ethical counsel: he lists examples of ill-judged aggression and then clarifies that he is not endorsing wrongdoing as a default, but explaining retaliatory options when an adversary has already adopted unscrupulous tactics.