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Shloka 39

Śaraṇāgatapālana—Prastāvanā

Protection of the Refuge-Seeker: Opening of the Kapota Narrative

ये सपत्ना: सपत्नानां सर्वास्तानुपसेवयेत्‌ । आत्मनश्षापि बोद्धव्याक्षारा विनिहता: परै:

ye sapatnāḥ sapatnānāṁ sarvāṁs tān upasevayet | ātmanaś cāpi boddhavyāḥ cārā vinihatāḥ paraiḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Hãy kết giao và tận dụng tất cả những kẻ là thù của kẻ thù mình. Đồng thời cũng phải cố nhận ra những gián điệp mà người khác cài vào để chống lại mình. Lời ấy nghiêng về thuật trị quốc thực dụng: củng cố thế lực bằng liên minh chiến lược, nhưng luôn cảnh giác trước hiểm họa ngầm.

येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सपत्नाःrivals/enemies
सपत्नाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसपत्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सपत्नानाम्of enemies (of rivals)
सपत्नानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसपत्न
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उपसेवयेत्should associate with/serve
उपसेवयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-सेव्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शत्रून्enemies
शत्रून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
बोद्धव्याःto be recognized/should be known
बोद्धव्याः:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormGerundive (tavya), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
अक्षाराःspies/secret agents
अक्षाराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विनिहताःplaced/appointed (set in)
विनिहताः:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-नि-हन्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
परैःby others (by enemies)
परैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

A ruler should practice pragmatic diplomacy: cultivate those who oppose one’s opponents (the ‘enemy’s enemy’) and simultaneously maintain strong counterintelligence by identifying spies planted by rivals.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship (rājadharma), Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on practical governance—how to secure support through strategic associations and how to protect the realm by detecting hostile espionage.