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Shloka 30

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

माता पिता बान्धवानां वरिष्ठौ भार्या जरा बीजमात्र तु पुत्र: । भ्राता शत्रु: क्लिन्नपाणिवयस्य आत्मा होक: सुखदुःखस्य भोक्ता

mātā pitā bāndhavānāṁ variṣṭhau bhāryā jarā bījamātra tu putraḥ | bhrātā śatruḥ klinnapāṇivayasya ātmā hy ekaḥ sukhaduḥkhasya bhoktā ||

Brahmadatta nói: “Trong hàng thân thuộc, cha mẹ là bậc đứng đầu, vì tình thương của họ là tự nhiên. Vợ như hiện thân của tuổi già, bởi nàng tiêu hao sinh lực của người đàn ông; con chỉ là hạt giống của chính mình—một phần của bản thân. Anh em trở thành kẻ thù khi phải chia của cải; bạn bè chỉ còn là bạn khi bàn tay họ còn ‘ướt’—khi lợi ích riêng vẫn được thỏa. Kỳ thực, chỉ có Tự Ngã mới là kẻ thọ nhận vui và khổ.”

माताmother
माता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बान्धवानाम्of kinsmen/relatives
बान्धवानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootबान्धव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वरिष्ठौthe two most excellent/senior
वरिष्ठौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवरिष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जराold age/decay
जरा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बीजमात्रःonly a seed/merely a seed (i.e., the man’s contribution)
बीजमात्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबीजमात्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भ्राताbrother
भ्राता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्लिन्नपाणिवयस्यःa friend with a wet hand (i.e., one who gives/bribes; a self-interested friend)
क्लिन्नपाणिवयस्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्लिन्नपाणिवयस्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself/soul
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एकःalone/only
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुखदुःखस्यof pleasure and pain
सुखदुःखस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुखदुःख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
भोक्ताenjoyer/experiencer
भोक्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच

B
Brahmadatta
M
mother
F
father
W
wife
S
son
B
brother
F
friend
Ā
ātman (Self)

Educational Q&A

Worldly relationships are often conditioned by biology, desire, and self-interest; therefore one should cultivate discernment and detachment. Ultimately, pleasure and pain are borne by one’s own Self, so responsibility for one’s experience and liberation cannot be outsourced to others.

In the Shanti Parva’s reflective discourse, Brahmadatta delivers a sober assessment of familial and social bonds—praising parents’ natural affection while warning that other ties (spouse, siblings, friends) can become sources of decline, rivalry, or transactional loyalty—culminating in the assertion that the Self alone truly ‘enjoys’ (experiences) happiness and sorrow.