Shloka 16

Draupadī’s Exhortation on Rājadharma and Daṇḍa (द्रौपद्याः राजधर्मोपदेशः)

Devanagari script

असतां प्रतिषेधश्व सतां च परिपालनम्‌ | एष राज्ञां परो धर्म: समरे चापलायनम्‌,राजाओंका परम धर्म तो यही है कि वे दुष्टोंको दण्ड दें, सत्पुरुषोंका पालन करें और युद्धमें कभी पीठ न दिखावें

Transliteration

asatāṁ pratiṣedhaś ca satāṁ ca paripālanam | eṣa rājñāṁ paro dharmaḥ samare cāpalāyanam ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Trừng trị kẻ ác và bảo hộ người hiền—đó là bổn phận tối thượng của các bậc quân vương; và nơi chiến trận, không tháo chạy (không quay lưng) cũng là nghĩa vụ cao nhất của họ.”

Word by Word

• असताम्: of the wicked
• असताम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: असत्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• प्रतिषेधः: restraining / prohibition
• प्रतिषेधः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतिषेध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सताम्: of the good
• सताम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• परिपालनम्: protection / maintenance
• परिपालनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिपालन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राज्ञाम्: of kings
• राज्ञाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• परः: highest / supreme
• परः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मः: duty / dharma
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपलायनम्: not fleeing / non-retreat
• अपलायनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपलायन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• rājānaḥ (kings)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse defines rājadharma: a ruler must curb the wicked (through restraint and punishment), safeguard the virtuous, and show steadfast courage in war by not fleeing—upholding social order and moral responsibility.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the didactic discourse of the Śānti Parva, Vaiśampāyana reports a teaching that summarizes the king’s supreme obligations—governance through justice and protection, and valor in battle.