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Shloka 1

Kośa-saṃjanana and Subtle Dharma

Treasury Formation and Fine-Grained Ethics

#द5>2/5-> (9) शीला - यथा--ुरोरप्यवलिप्तस्य कार्याकार्यमजानतः । उत्पथं प्रतिपन्नस्य कार्य भवति शासनम्‌ || अर्थात्‌ घमंडमें आकर कर्तव्य और अकर्तव्यका विचार न करते हुए कुमार्गपर चलनेवाले गुरुको भी दण्ड देना आवश्यक है। त्रयस्त्रिशर्दाधिकशततमोब& ध्याय: राजाके लिये कोशसंग्रहकी आवश्यकता

bhīṣma uvāca | svarāṣṭrāt pararāṣṭrāc ca kośaṃ saṃjanayen nṛpaḥ | kośād dhi dharmaḥ kaunteya rājyamūlaṃ ca vardhate ||

Bhishma nói: “Hỡi con của Kunti, một vị vua phải làm cho quốc khố sung túc bằng nguồn thu từ chính lãnh thổ mình và cả từ lãnh thổ của kẻ thù. Vì chính từ quốc khố mà dharma được nâng đỡ và mở rộng, và nền móng của vương quốc trở nên vững bền.”

स्वराष्ट्रात्from (one's) own kingdom
स्वराष्ट्रात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-राष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
परराष्ट्रात्from another/enemy kingdom
परराष्ट्रात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपर-राष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कोशम्treasury; store of wealth
कोशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संजनेयत्should generate/accumulate
संजनेयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + जन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
नृपःthe king
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कोशात्from the treasury; by means of treasury (as source)
कोशात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
धर्मःdharma; righteous order
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कौन्तेयO son of Kunti
कौन्तेय:
TypeNoun
Rootकौन्तेय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राज्यमूलम्the root/foundation of the kingdom
राज्यमूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य-मूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वर्धतेgrows; increases
वर्धते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
Kaunteya (Yudhishthira)
N
nṛpa (the king)
K
kośa (treasury)
S
svarāṣṭra (own kingdom)
P
pararāṣṭra (enemy/other kingdom)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that a stable treasury (kośa) is essential for sustaining dharma and strengthening the kingdom; ethical governance requires material resources to enforce order, protect subjects, and uphold lawful duties.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship (rājadharma), Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on practical governance: the king must secure revenues—both from his own realm and through victory over enemies—so that the state’s foundations and righteous administration can endure.