Shloka 9

Kāpavya-carita (कापव्यचरित) — Reforming Dasyus through Regulated Rāja-Dharma

Devanagari script

ऋषत्विक्‌पुरोहिताचार्यान्‌ सत्कृतानभिसत्कृतान्‌ । न ब्राह्मणान्‌ घातयीत दोषान्‌ प्राप्रोति घातयन्‌

Transliteration

ṛṣatvik-purohitācāryān satkṛtān abhisatkṛtān | na brāhmaṇān ghātayīta doṣān prāpnoti ghātayan ||

Translation

Bhishma nói: “Chớ làm hại các Bà-la-môn—dù họ là tư tế chủ lễ (ṛtvij), tư tế gia đình (purohita), hay bậc thầy (ācārya), dù được tôn kính hay không được tôn kính. Ai làm hại Bà-la-môn thì mắc lỗi (tội). Dẫu trong cơn khốn cùng, nhà vua cũng không nên quấy nhiễu họ bằng cách tịch thu tài sản; nếu khiến họ khổ vì sự sung công, vua sẽ cùng dự phần vào điều sai trái.”

Word by Word

• {'ṛṣatvik/ṛtvij': 'sacrificial officiant

• priest who performs rites', 'purohita': 'family/royal chaplain

• household priest', 'ācārya': 'teacher

• preceptor', 'satkṛta': 'honored

• treated with respect', 'abhisatkṛta': 'not honored / insufficiently honored (treated without due respect)', 'brāhmaṇa': 'a Brahmin

• here, a protected religious person', 'ghātayīta (√han, causative)': 'should cause harm/kill

• should injure or oppress', 'doṣa': 'fault

• sin', 'prāpnoti': 'attains

• becomes subject to', 'ghātayan': 'harming

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• brāhmaṇāḥ (Brahmins)
• ṛtvij (ṛṣatvik)
• purohita
• ācārya
• rājā (king, implied by the ethical injunction)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma teaches that harming Brahmins—especially priests and teachers—creates moral fault (doṣa). Even under crisis, a ruler should not oppress them or seize their wealth; governance must remain within dharma, and coercion against such protected persons is condemned.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous rule, Bhīṣma lays down a specific prohibition for kings: do not injure or harass Brahmins (whether honored or not), and do not cause them suffering through confiscation or force, because such acts make the ruler culpable.