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Shloka 20

Kāpavya-carita (कापव्यचरित) — Reforming Dasyus through Regulated Rāja-Dharma

यश्षतुर्गुणसम्पन्नं धर्म ब्रूयात्‌ स धर्मवित्‌ । अहेरिव हि धर्मस्य पदं दुःखं गवेषितुम्‌

yaś caturguṇasampannaṃ dharmaṃ brūyāt sa dharmavit | aher iva hi dharmasya padaṃ duḥkhaṃ gaveṣitum ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Dharma được Veda quy định, được Smṛti chuẩn nhận, được bậc thiện nhân phụng hành, và lại hợp với điều mình yêu chuộng—dharma ấy được gọi là đầy đủ bốn phẩm tính. Chỉ người giảng dạy dharma như thế mới là kẻ biết dharma. Bởi dấu chân chân thực của dharma khó tìm ra—như vết đi của rắn.”

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चतुर्गुणसम्पन्नम्endowed with four qualities
चतुर्गुणसम्पन्नम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्गुणसम्पन्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteous duty
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्रूयात्should say/teach
ब्रूयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (ब्रवीति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मवित्knower of dharma
धर्मवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहेःof a snake
अहेः:
TypeNoun
Rootअहि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पदम्track/footprint; true mark
पदम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपद
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखम्difficult
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
गवेषितुम्to search for, to find out
गवेषितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootगवेष्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
serpent (ahi)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is subtle and difficult to identify with certainty; therefore, a true dharma-knower is one who can teach dharma that meets reliable criteria (described as ‘fourfold excellence’), rather than relying on mere opinion.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma is advising Yudhiṣṭhira on how to recognize and teach dharma, using the metaphor that dharma’s true trace is as hard to find as a serpent’s track.