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Shloka 4

Bala and Dharma in Kṣatriya Governance (बल-धर्म सम्बन्धः)

भीष्म उवाच बाह्याश्चेद्‌ विजिगीषु: स्याद्‌ धर्मार्थकुशल: शुचि: । जवेन संधि कुर्वीत पूर्व भुक्तान्‌ विमोचयेत्‌

bhīṣma uvāca bāhyāś ced vijigīṣuḥ syād dharmārthakuśalaḥ śuciḥ | javena sandhiṃ kurvīta pūrvabhuktān vimocayet ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, nếu kẻ muốn chinh phục là một vua ở bên ngoài, có hạnh kiểm thanh sạch và tinh thông những phương tiện của dharma cùng chính sách lợi ích, thì nên mau chóng kết minh ước với người ấy. Và nếu những làng mạc, thành ấp vốn thuộc quyền hưởng dụng của tổ tiên đã rơi vào tay kẻ xâm lấn, thì hãy cố gắng thu hồi lại—dùng lời lẽ dịu dàng, hòa giải để thuyết phục hắn.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
बाह्यःexternal/foreign (one)
बाह्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबाह्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
विजिगीषुःone desiring to conquer
विजिगीषुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविजिगीषु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be/might be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मार्थकुशलःskilled in dharma and artha
धर्मार्थकुशलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मार्थकुशल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुचिःpure (in conduct)
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जवेनwith speed/quickly
जवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सन्धिम्alliance/treaty
सन्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसन्धि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वीतshould make
कुर्वीत:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पूर्वभुक्तान्previously enjoyed/held (by one’s side/ancestors)
पूर्वभुक्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्वभुक्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विमोचयेत्should release/recover (set free)
विमोचयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+मुच्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the king (addressed as rājān)
E
external conqueror (bāhya vijigīṣu)
V
villages (grāma)
T
towns/cities (nagara)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma advises pragmatic, ethically informed kingship: when facing a capable and morally disciplined external aggressor, prioritize swift diplomacy (sandhi) and use conciliatory persuasion to regain former holdings rather than rushing into destructive conflict.

In Bhishma’s instruction on rajadharma in the Shanti Parva, he outlines a policy response for a king confronted by an outside conqueror: make a quick treaty, then attempt to recover lost ancestral villages and towns through sweet, persuasive negotiation.