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Shloka 21

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

यथा वै ब्राह्मण: सीदन्नयाज्यमपि याजयेत्‌ । अभोज्यान्नानि चाश्रीयात्‌ तथेदं नात्र संशय:

yathā vai brāhmaṇaḥ sīdann ayājyam api yājayet | abhojyānnāni cāśrīyāt tathā idaṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Cũng như một brāhmaṇa, khi chìm trong khốn quẫn vì thiếu kế sinh nhai, có thể chủ tế tế lễ cho kẻ vốn không đủ tư cách làm chủ tế, và để giữ mạng còn có thể dùng đến thức ăn vốn bị cấm—thì cũng vậy, bổn phận đã nêu cho kṣatriya ở câu trước phải được hiểu theo cùng một lẽ ấy. Không có gì phải nghi ngờ.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सीदन्being in distress / suffering
सीदन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसद्
FormPresent active participle (Parasmaipada), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अयाज्यम्one who is not fit to be sacrificed for / not eligible (to have a sacrifice performed)
अयाज्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअयाज्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
याजयेत्should cause to perform a sacrifice / should officiate a sacrifice for
याजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
अभोज्यान्नानिinedible foods / foods not fit to be eaten
अभोज्यान्नानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभोज्य-अन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आश्रीयात्should resort to / should take (for support)
आश्रीयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रि
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
तथाso / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere / in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kṣatriya
Y
yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

In extreme hardship (āpaddharma), preserving life and sustaining one’s role may justify limited exceptions to normal rules—such as a brāhmaṇa officiating for an ordinarily ineligible patron or eating normally forbidden food—paralleling emergency duties prescribed for a kṣatriya.

Bhīṣma, instructing on dharma in the Śānti Parva, clarifies that the previous instruction about a kṣatriya’s conduct in crisis should be accepted without doubt, using the brāhmaṇa’s emergency allowances as an analogy.