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Shloka 1

आपद्धर्मे कोशबलन्यायः | Treasury, Force, and Crisis-Ethics for the King

ऑपन-माज बक। डे सप्तविशर्त्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: ऋषभका राजा सुमित्रको वीरद्युम्न और तनु मुनिका वृत्तान्त सुनाना भीष्म उवाच ततस्तेषां समस्तानामृषीणामृषिसत्तम: । ऋषभो नाम विदप्रर्षिविस्मयन्निदमब्रवीत्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | tatas teṣāṃ samastānām ṛṣīṇām ṛṣisattamaḥ | ṛṣabho nāma brahmarṣir vismayann idam abravīt ||

Bhīṣma nói: Bấy giờ, giữa toàn thể các bậc hiền triết đang hội tụ, vị tối thượng trong hàng tiên tri—Brahmarṣi mang danh Ṛṣabha—kinh ngạc trước điều vừa xảy ra, liền cất lời như sau. Trong khung đạo lý của Śānti Parva, cảnh ấy báo hiệu một chuyển đoạn: một bậc giác ngộ, rung động bởi niềm kỳ diệu, sắp thuyết giảng để làm vững tâm và soi tỏ dharma cho Yudhiṣṭhira.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
समस्तानाम्of all, of the assembled
समस्तानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमस्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
ऋषीणाम्of the sages
ऋषीणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
ऋषिसत्तमःthe best of sages
ऋषिसत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootऋषिसत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ऋषभःRishabha
ऋषभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामby name
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
विद्वान्learned, wise
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ऋषिःsage
ऋषिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विस्मयन्being astonished
विस्मयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootविस्मि
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
R
Rishabha (Brahmarshi)
T
the assembled rishis/sages
Y
Yudhishthira (in the narrative frame of Bhishma's address)

Educational Q&A

This opening verse functions as a framing device: it establishes that a foremost sage (Rishabha) is about to speak, implying that the forthcoming instruction carries authoritative weight for understanding dharma and right conduct—especially relevant to Yudhishthira’s moral recovery in the Shanti Parva.

Bhishma narrates that, after certain events, the gathered sages are present; among them, the Brahmarshi Rishabha, filled with wonder, begins to speak. The verse marks the handover from narration to a sage’s direct discourse.