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Shloka 38

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

भृगुर्ददावृषिभ्यस्तु दण्डं धर्मसमाहितम्‌ । ऋषयो लोकपालेभ्यो लोकपाला: क्षुपाय च

bhṛgur dadāv ṛṣibhyas tu daṇḍaṃ dharmasamāhitam | ṛṣayo lokapālebhyo lokapālāḥ kṣupāya ca ||

Vasuharoma nói: Bhṛgu đã ký thác cho các bậc ṛṣi cây gậy trừng phạt (daṇḍa), vững đặt trong nền tảng Dharma. Các ṛṣi truyền lại cho những vị hộ thế (Lokapāla); rồi các hộ thế lại trao cho Kṣupa. Đó là sự mô tả về việc chuyển giao chính đáng của quyền uy nhằm bảo hộ Dharma vi tế và trật tự của xã hội.

भृगुःBhṛgu (the sage)
भृगुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभृगु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ददौgave
ददौ:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ऋषिभ्यःto the sages
ऋषिभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दण्डम्the rod/punitive authority
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मसमाहितम्established/grounded in dharma
धर्मसमाहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म-समाहित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऋषयःthe sages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकपालेभ्यःto the world-guardians (Lokapālas)
लोकपालेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootलोकपाल
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
लोकपालाःthe world-guardians
लोकपालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोकपाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्षुपायto Kṣupa
क्षुपाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुप
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वसुहरोम उवाच

वसुहरोम (Vasuharoma)
भृगु (Bhṛgu)
ऋषि (Ṛṣis)
लोकपाल (Lokapālas)
दण्ड (Daṇḍa)
धर्म (Dharma)
क्षुप (Kṣupa)

Educational Q&A

Legitimate power to punish (daṇḍa) is not mere force; it must be dharma-grounded and transmitted through rightful custodians (sages, cosmic guardians, and kings). Authority is ethical only when it protects order and subtle righteousness rather than serving personal desire.

Vasuharoma recounts a lineage of custody: Bhṛgu gives the dharma-aligned daṇḍa to the ṛṣis; they pass it to the lokapālas; the lokapālas pass it to Kṣupa. The verse situates royal governance within a sacred, regulated chain of responsibility.