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Shloka 34

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

न स्याद्‌ यदीह दण्डो वै प्रमथेयु: परस्परम्‌ । भयाद्‌ दण्डस्य नान्योन्यं घ्नन्ति चैव युधिष्ठिर

na syād yadīha daṇḍo vai pramatheyur parasparam | bhayād daṇḍasya nānyonyaṃ ghnanti caiva yudhiṣṭhira ||

Bhīṣma nói: Nếu ở đời này không có chế định về trừng phạt (daṇḍa), con người sẽ bạo ngược áp bức và hủy diệt lẫn nhau. Chính vì sợ hình phạt, hỡi Yudhiṣṭhira, mà loài người mới kiềm chế, không đánh đập hay giết hại nhau—nhờ vậy trật tự xã hội được duy trì.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू)
FormVidhi-linga, potential/optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
इहhere, in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
दण्डःpunishment, rod (of chastisement)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
प्रमथेयुःwould crush/destroy
प्रमथेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मथ्
FormVidhi-linga, potential/optative, 3, plural, Parasmaipada
परस्परम्each other, mutually
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
Formneuter, ablative, singular
दण्डस्यof punishment/rod
दण्डस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्योन्यम्one another
अन्योन्यम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्योन्य
घ्नन्तिthey kill/strike
घ्नन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormLat, present, 3, plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
daṇḍa (punishment/royal authority)

Educational Q&A

Punishment (daṇḍa), as a principle of governance, restrains human aggression; fear of lawful consequences prevents mutual violence and thereby sustains social order and dharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira that a functioning system of punishment is necessary; without it, people would prey upon one another, while its deterrent force keeps society from descending into chaos.