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Shloka 9

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

नित्यमुद्यतदण्ड: स्यादाचरेदप्रमादत: । लोके चायव्ययौ दृष्टवा बृहद्वृक्षमिवास्रवत्‌

nityam udyatadaṇḍaḥ syād ācaret apramādataḥ | loke cāyavyayau dṛṣṭvā bṛhadvṛkṣam ivāsravat ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Vua phải luôn sẵn sàng thi hành hình phạt, và trong mọi việc phải hành xử với sự cẩn trọng tỉnh thức. Quan sát thu nhập và chi tiêu của dân, vua nên thu thuế như rút nhựa từ một cây lớn—lấy phần phải lấy mà không hủy hoại nguồn, tuyệt không khiến thần dân đi đến chỗ suy vong.”

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
उद्यतदण्डःhaving the rod raised; ready to punish
उद्यतदण्डः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यत-दण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू)
FormVidhi-linga, Optative (injunctive sense), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
आचरेत्should practice/perform
आचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अप्रमादतःwith vigilance; without negligence
अप्रमादतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप्रमाद
Formablative used adverbially
लोकेin the world/among people
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आयव्ययौincome and expenditure
आयव्ययौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआय-व्यय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen/observed
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Parasmaipada (usage)
बृहद्वृक्षम्a great/large tree
बृहद्वृक्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबृहत्-वृक्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आस्रवत्caused to flow; drew out (liquid/juice)
आस्रवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्रु
FormLan (Imperfect), Past (imperfect), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, आ

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
daṇḍa (punishment/rod)
B
bṛhadvṛkṣa (great tree)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must combine firm law-enforcement with careful, non-exploitative administration: be ever ready to punish wrongdoing, act without negligence, and collect revenue in a sustainable way that does not harm or uproot the subjects who are the kingdom’s source of prosperity.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship (rājadharma), Bhishma continues advising the king on practical governance—maintaining readiness to punish offenders, exercising constant vigilance, and managing taxation by assessing the people’s finances and extracting revenue gently, like drawing sap from a tree without cutting it down.