Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 10

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

मृजावान्‌ स्यात्‌ स्वयूथ्येषु भौमानि चरणै: क्षिपेत्‌ । जातपक्ष: परिस्पन्देत्‌ प्रेक्षेद्‌ वैकल्यमात्मन:

bhīṣma uvāca | mṛjāvān syāt svayūthyeṣu bhaumāni caraṇaiḥ kṣipet | jātapakṣaḥ parispandet prekṣed vaikalyaṃ ātmanaḥ |

Bhīṣma nói: Vua phải giữ sự trong sạch và công bằng nghiêm cẩn đối với người thuộc phe mình. Trên đất địch, hãy phá hoại hoa màu ruộng đồng bằng cách cho ngựa và bò của quân mình giẫm nát. Chỉ khi phe mình đã mạnh mới nên tiến đánh kẻ thù, và phải luôn tự xét xem mình yếu ở đâu và yếu như thế nào.

मृजावान्pure, clean in conduct
मृजावान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृजावत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू-आदेशः)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वयूथ्येषुamong his own followers/party-men
स्वयूथ्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वयूथ्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
भौमानिcrops/produce of the land
भौमानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभौम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
चरणैःwith (their) feet/hooves
चरणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचरण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
क्षिपेत्should throw down / trample / destroy
क्षिपेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षिप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
जातपक्षःhaving grown wings (i.e., having become strong)
जातपक्षः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजातपक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिस्पन्देत्should bestir himself / make a move
परिस्पन्देत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+स्पन्द्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रेक्षेत्should examine/observe
प्रेक्षेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+ईक्ष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैकल्यम्defect, weakness
वैकल्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैकल्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof himself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
E
enemy (śatru)
H
horses
O
oxen
C
crops/fields

Educational Q&A

Bhishma advises a dual discipline of kingship: ethical purity and fairness toward one’s own people, combined with hard-nosed strategy against enemies—acting only after consolidating strength and continuously auditing one’s own weaknesses.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma lays out practical counsel for a ruler: maintain clean conduct within one’s camp, weaken the enemy materially by damaging their agricultural base, and launch offensives only when one’s own side is strong, while keeping vigilant self-scrutiny.