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Shloka 56

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

एतान्‌ मयोक्ताश्नर राजधर्मान्‌ नृणां च गुप्ती मतिमादधत्स्व । अवाप्स्यसे पुण्यफलं सुखेन सर्वो हि लोको नृप धर्ममूल:

etān mayoktān nara-rāja dharmān nṛṇāṁ ca guptīṁ matim ādhatsva | avāpsyase puṇya-phalaṁ sukhena sarvo hi loko nṛpa dharma-mūlaḥ ||

Bhishma nói: “Tâu bậc vương giả trong loài người, xin hãy ghi lòng và thực hành những vương pháp ta đã dạy, và chuyên tâm bảo hộ, trị vì muôn dân. Làm được như vậy, ngài sẽ dễ dàng đạt quả phúc và an lạc; bởi toàn thể thế gian, hỡi bậc quân vương, đều lấy dharma làm gốc.”

एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
उक्तान्said, spoken
उक्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवच्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त)
नरO man
नर:
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजधर्मान्duties of a king
राजधर्मान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नृणाम्of men/people
नृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुप्तिम्protection, safeguarding
गुप्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुप्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
मतिम्mind, intention
मतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आदधत्स्वapply (yourself), set (your mind)
आदधत्स्व:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (आ + धा)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Atmanepada
अवाप्स्यसेyou will obtain
अवाप्स्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (अव + आप्)
FormSimple future (लृट्), Second, Singular, Atmanepada
पुण्यफलम्fruit of merit
पुण्यफलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्यफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुखेनeasily, happily
सुखेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सर्वःall, the whole
सर्वः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
लोकःworld
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्ममूलःhaving dharma as its root
धर्ममूलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्ममूल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरेश्वरO lord of men
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (addressed as nara-rāja/nṛpa; contextually Yudhishthira)
P
people/subjects (nṛṇām)

Educational Q&A

A ruler should internalize and practice rājadharma—especially the safeguarding and welfare of the subjects—because social order and prosperity rest on dharma, and such conduct yields merit and well-being.

In the Śānti Parva, Bhishma instructs the king (Yudhishthira) on statecraft and righteous rule; here he urges the king to follow the royal duties he has explained and to focus on protecting the people.