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Shloka 20

Adhyāya 118: Saciva-parīkṣā

Testing and Appointment of Ministers/Servants

थ्वा त्वं द्वीपित्वमापन्नो द्वीपीव्याप्रत्वमागत:

tvaṃ tvam dvīpitvam āpanno dvīpīvyāpratvam āgataḥ

Bhīṣma nói: “Ngươi đã bước vào thân phận báo (leopard), rồi từ báo lại tiến lên—cứ thế trôi qua những lần sinh làm thú nối tiếp nhau. Ngươi vốn là chó, rồi thành báo, rồi vào thai hổ; từ hổ hóa thành voi say cuồng; từ voi vào thai sư tử; và khi đã là sư tử hùng mạnh, ngươi lại đạt được thân Śarabha.”

त्वाyou (as object)
त्वा:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
द्वीपित्वम्the state of being a tiger/leopard (dvipin)
द्वीपित्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वीपित्व (द्वीपिन् + त्व)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आपन्नःhaving reached/attained
आपन्नः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआपन्न (आ + √पद्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वीपीa tiger/leopard
द्वीपी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वीपिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्याप्रत्वम्the state of being a tiger
व्याप्रत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्रत्व (व्याघ्र + त्व)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आगतःhaving come/arrived (having become)
आगतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआगत (आ + √गम्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
dog
L
leopard (dvīpin)
T
tiger
E
elephant
L
lion
Ś
śarabha

Educational Q&A

The verse illustrates saṃsāra governed by karma: moving into stronger or more dominant bodies is still bondage to birth, and ethical purification—not mere power or predatory success—is what leads beyond repeated embodiment.

Bhīṣma addresses a being (or interlocutor) by recounting its sequence of animal incarnations—dog to leopard to tiger to elephant to lion to śarabha—using the progression as a didactic example about the continuity of rebirth and the consequences of one’s tendencies and actions.