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Shloka 19

Gratitude, Discernment, and the Escalation of Power (Śvā–Dvipī–Vyāghra–Nāga–Siṃha–Śarabha Itihāsa)

ततो<भ्ययान्महारीद्रो व्यादितास्य: क्षुधान्वित: । द्वीपिनं लेलिहद्क्रो व्याप्रो रुधिरलालस:

tato 'bhyayān mahārīdro vyāditāsyaḥ kṣudhānvitaḥ | dvīpinaṃ lelihad kro vyāghro rudhira-lālasaḥ ||

Rồi sau đó, bị nỗi sợ thúc bách, một con hổ lớn ghê rợn—há miệng rộng, bị cơn đói hành hạ và khát máu—đuổi theo con báo, vừa chạy vừa liếm hai hàm. Cảnh ấy cho thấy khi đói khát và sợ hãi lấn át, loài vật bị đẩy vào bạo lực không ngừng; đó là lời nhắc về hiểm họa khi bị dục vọng thấp hèn cai trị thay vì tự chế.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अभ्ययात्went towards, pursued
अभ्ययात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-या
FormLun (Aorist), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
महा-रीद्रःthe very fierce tiger
महा-रीद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरीद्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
व्यादित-आस्यःhaving a gaping mouth
व्यादित-आस्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यादित-आस्य
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
क्षुधा-अन्वितःafflicted with hunger
क्षुधा-अन्वितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुधा-अन्वित
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
द्वीपिनम्the leopard (spotted one)
द्वीपिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वीपिन्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
लेलिहत्licking
लेलिहत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootलेलिहत्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
क्रो(unclear/possibly corrupt reading)
क्रो:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रो
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
व्याघ्रःthe tiger
व्याघ्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
रुधिर-लालसःeager for blood
रुधिर-लालसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरुधिर-लालस
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
tiger (vyāghra)
L
leopard/panther (dvīpin)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses a vivid animal chase to illustrate how fear and hunger (unrestrained impulses) can drive beings into violent, compulsive action; ethically, it points toward the value of restraint and governance of desire.

A terrifying, hungry tiger—blood-thirsty and licking its jaws—runs after a leopard/panther, emphasizing the intensity and inevitability of predatory pursuit under the pressure of hunger.