Shloka 18

Adhyāya 115: On Restraint Under Verbal Provocation in the Assembly (सभायां आक्रोश-सहिष्णुता)

Devanagari script

अधीरजुष्टे पथि वर्तमान दमादपेतं विनयाच्च पापम्‌ | अरिव्रतं नित्यमभूतिकामं धिगस्तु तं पापमतिं मनुष्यम्‌

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | adhīra-juṣṭe pathi vartamānaṃ damād apetaṃ vinayāc ca pāpam | ari-vrataṃ nityam abhūti-kāmaṃ dhig astu taṃ pāpa-matiṃ manuṣyam ||

Translation

Bhishma nói: Đáng nguyền rủa thay kẻ tâm trí tội lỗi, bước trên con đường mà bọn liều lĩnh ưa chuộng—xa rời tự chế và khiêm cung—lấy thù hằn làm lời nguyện, và luôn mong kẻ khác suy vong. Hạng người bị tội lỗi và ý đồ đen tối thúc đẩy ấy đáng bị lên án.

Word by Word

• अधीरजुष्टे: on a path frequented by the impatient/undisciplined
• अधीरजुष्टे: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधीर-जुष्ट
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• पथि: on the path
• पथि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथ्
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• वर्तमानः: moving/being engaged (in)
• वर्तमानः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वर्त्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दमात्: from self-control
• दमात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• अपेतम्: gone away from; devoid of
• अपेतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप-इ (अपेत)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विनयात्: from humility/discipline
• विनयात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विनय
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पापम्: sin/evil
• पापम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अरिव्रतम्: having enmity as a vow; vowed to be an enemy
• अरिव्रतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अरि-व्रत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• अभूतिकामम्: desiring others' non-prosperity/ruin
• अभूतिकामम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-भूति-काम
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• धिक्: shame! fie!
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: धिक्

• अस्तु: let there be
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Imperative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular

• तम्: that (man), him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पापमतिम्: evil-minded
• पापमतिम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पाप-मति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• मनुष्यम्: man/person
• मनुष्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma condemns a character type: one who rejects self-restraint (dama) and humility (vinaya), makes hostility a life-principle (ari-vrata), and wishes for others’ decline (abhūti-kāma). The ethical lesson is that malice and undisciplined conduct are anti-dharmic and socially destructive.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Shanti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Bhishma delivers a moral judgment, censuring the person who habitually follows the reckless path and lives by enmity and ill-will toward others.