Shloka 153

Satya–Anṛta Viveka (Discrimination between Truth and Falsehood) | सत्य–अनृत विवेकः

Devanagari script

श्रेयस्तत्रानृतं वक्तुं सत्यादिति विचारितम्‌ | यदि न बतानेसे उस धनीका बचाव हो जाता हो तो किसी तरह वहाँ कुछ बोले ही नहीं; परंतु यदि बोलना अनिवार्य हो जाय और न बोलनेसे लुटेरोंके मनमें संदेह पैदा होने लगे तो वहाँ सत्य बोलनेकी अपेक्षा झूठ बोलनेमें ही कल्याण है; यही इस विषयमें विचारपूर्वक निर्णय किया गया है

Transliteration

śreyas tatrānṛtaṁ vaktuṁ satyād iti vicāritam |

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: Trong tình thế ấy, sau khi cân nhắc thấu đáo, người ta kết luận rằng nói điều không thật lại có lợi hơn nói sự thật. Khi sự thật sẽ phơi bày một người giàu có trước tai họa—như bị bọn cướp bắt giữ—mà cũng không thể im lặng vì im lặng sẽ làm chúng sinh nghi, thì lời nói dối để che chở được xem là con đường tốt hơn theo dharma.

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'śreyas', 'definition': 'the better good

• what is more beneficial or conducive to welfare'}, {'term': 'tatra', 'definition': 'there

• in that situation/context'}, {'term': 'anṛtam', 'definition': 'untruth

• false statement (as opposed to satya)'}, {'term': 'vaktum', 'definition': 'to speak

• to say'}, {'term': 'satyāt', 'definition': 'than truth

• from/compared to truth'}, {'term': 'iti', 'definition': 'thus

• in this manner (marking the conclusion/quotation)'}, {'term': 'vicāritam', 'definition': 'considered, deliberated, decided after reflection'}]

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

When truth-telling would directly cause harm, and silence is not a viable option, dharma may favor a protective untruth; the criterion is śreyas—what best preserves welfare and prevents injury.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma in the Shanti Parva, he addresses a practical ethical case: if speaking the truth would enable wrongdoers (e.g., robbers) to harm a person, then after deliberation it is deemed better to speak a falsehood rather than facilitate harm through truth.