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Shloka 28

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

आशभ्यन्तरं भयं रक्ष्यमसारं बाह्ृतो भयम्‌

āśābhyantaraṁ bhayaṁ rakṣyam asāraṁ bāhṛto bhayam

Bhīṣma nói: “Hãy canh giữ nỗi sợ phát sinh từ bên trong do hy vọng và khát ái; còn nỗi sợ từ bên ngoài thì bấp bênh, không có thực chất lâu dài. Ý nghĩa đạo đức là: sự xao động nội tâm—sinh từ dục vọng—làm suy sụp sự vững chãi và dharma sâu xa hơn những đe dọa đến từ bên ngoài.”

आशभ्यhaving seized/held fast
आशभ्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-शभ्
Formत्वा (क्त्वा-अन्त अव्ययभावः/absolutive), absolutive (having seized/held)
अन्तरम्inner, internal
अन्तरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रक्ष्यम्to be protected / should be guarded
रक्ष्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
Formयत् (gerundive/future passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
असारम्insubstantial, worthless
असारम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअसार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बाह्यतःfrom outside / externally
बाह्यतः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबाह्य
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb)
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Fear rooted in inner hope and craving is the more dangerous enemy; it should be restrained, because it destabilizes judgment and dharmic conduct, whereas external threats are comparatively transient and less controlling.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising on right conduct and mental discipline, emphasizing mastery over internal impulses—here, the anxiety generated by hope/desire.