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Shloka 27

उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः

Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment

मोक्षे प्रयाणे चलने पानभोजनकालयो: । अतिक्षिप्तान्‌ व्यतिक्षिप्तान्‌ निहतान्‌ प्रतनूकृतान्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | mokṣe prayāṇe calane pānabhojanakālayoḥ | atikṣiptān vyatikṣiptān nihatān pratanūkṛtān |

Bhishma nói: Không nên đánh kẻ địch vào lúc rút lui hay rời trận, khi đang đi lại, hoặc vào lúc ăn uống. Cũng không nên tấn công những kẻ hoảng loạn tột độ hay mất phương hướng, những người đã bị quật ngã, hoặc những kẻ suy kiệt đến mức bất lực. Luật đạo của chiến trận là sự tự chế: đừng lợi dụng lúc yếu thế hay khoảnh khắc không phòng bị, và đừng biến chiến tranh thành cuộc tàn sát.

मोक्षेin (the act of) release/letting go
मोक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रयाणेat departure
प्रयाणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रयाण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
चलनेwhile moving/walking
चलने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचलन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पानdrinking
पान:
TypeNoun
Rootपान
FormNeuter, Stem (in compound), —
भोजनeating/meal
भोजन:
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
FormNeuter, Stem (in compound), —
कालयोःat the two times (occasions)
कालयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Dual
अतिक्षिप्तान्those thrown down/overthrown
अतिक्षिप्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिक्षिप्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
व्यतिक्षिप्तान्those scattered/dispersed
व्यतिक्षिप्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यतिक्षिप्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निहतान्those struck down/slain
निहतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिहत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रतनूकृतान्those made feeble/weakened
प्रतनूकृतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतनूकृत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Even in war, dharma imposes limits: one must not attack opponents at vulnerable, non-combat moments (withdrawing, moving about without engagement, eating or drinking) or those who are incapacitated by fear, confusion, injury, or weakness. Victory should not be sought through cruelty or opportunism.

In the Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on righteous conduct. Here he lays down specific battlefield prohibitions—who should not be struck and under what circumstances—framing warfare as regulated by moral law rather than unchecked violence.