Shloka 10

जनकस्य युद्धोपदेशः — Janaka’s Instruction on Steadfast Battle-Conduct

Devanagari script

य एवं व्यूहते राजा स नित्यं जयति द्विष: | तस्मादेवं विधातव्यं नित्यमेव युधिष्ठिर

Transliteration

ya evaṁ vyūhate rājā sa nityaṁ jayati dviṣaḥ | tasmād evaṁ vidhātavyaṁ nityam eva yudhiṣṭhira ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Vị vua nào bày binh bố trận theo cách này sẽ luôn chinh phục được kẻ thù. Vì vậy, Yudhiṣṭhira, con hãy luôn sắp đặt quân ngũ đúng như thế.”

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एवम्: thus, in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• व्यूहते: arrays (troops), forms a battle-array
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यूह् (धातु)
• Form: Present, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभावे क्रियाविशेषणवत्)

• जयति: conquers, wins
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि (धातु)
• Form: Present, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

• द्विषः: enemies
• द्विषः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विष् (प्रातिपदिक; शत्रु-अर्थे)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तस्मात्: therefore, from that reason
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• विधातव्यम्: should be arranged/done
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + धा (धातु) → विधातव्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; तव्यत्)
• Form: तव्यत्, Neuter, Nominative, Singular, ought to be done

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभावे क्रियाविशेषणवत्)

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• युधिष्ठिर: O Yudhishthira
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• rājā (the king)
• dviṣaḥ (enemies)
• vyūha (battle formation/array)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma teaches that disciplined, well-planned organization of forces (vyūha) is a standing duty of kingship: consistent strategic arrangement leads to sustained success against enemies, so a ruler should habitually maintain such preparedness.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and concludes a point on military disposition: he states that a king who arrays his army properly wins regularly, and urges Yudhiṣṭhira to adopt the same practice.