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Shloka 4

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

वादित्राणां च निनद:ः प्रादुरासीद्‌ विशाम्पते । आयोधनार्थ योधानां बलानां चाप्युदीर्यताम्‌,प्रजानाथ!| उस समय सब ओरसे भाँति-भाँतिके वाद्योंकी गम्भीर ध्वनि प्रकट होने लगी। युद्धके लिये उद्यत योद्धाओं और आगे बढ़ती हुई सेनाओंका महान्‌ कोलाहल सुनायी देने लगा

sañjaya uvāca | vāditrāṇāṃ ca ninādaḥ prādurāsīd viśāṃpate | āyodhanārthaṃ yodhānāṃ balānāṃ cāpy udīryatām, prajānātha |

Sañjaya nói: “Ôi bậc chúa của muôn dân, bỗng từ mọi phía vang lên tiếng rền sâu của đủ loại nhạc khí. Cùng lúc ấy, người ta nghe thấy tiếng náo động lớn của các chiến binh đã sẵn sàng và của những đạo quân đang cuồn cuộn tiến lên để giao chiến.”

वादित्राणाम्of musical instruments
वादित्राणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवादित्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निनदःsound, roar
निनदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिनद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रादुरासीत्appeared, arose
प्रादुरासीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रादुर् + अस्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आयोधनार्थम्for the purpose of battle
आयोधनार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआयोधन + अर्थ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
योधानाम्of warriors
योधानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
बलानाम्of armies/forces
बलानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उदीर्यताम्let (it) be raised/resound
उदीर्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + ईर्
FormImperative (Loṭ), Passive, 3rd, Singular
प्रजानाथO lord of subjects
प्रजानाथ:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा + नाथ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by vocatives viśāṃpate, prajānātha)
V
vāditra (war instruments: drums, horns, etc.)
Y
yodha (warriors)
B
bala (armies)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the inevitability and momentum of war once collective forces are set in motion: the instruments, warriors, and armies together create an overwhelming surge. Ethically, it frames the king’s responsibility—he must recognize how decisions and attachments culminate in large-scale violence that becomes difficult to restrain.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the battlefield has come alive with the booming sounds of war instruments and the loud commotion of fighters and advancing troops, indicating that the armies are fully mobilized and battle is imminent.