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Shloka 3

संजय उवाच शृणु राजन प्रवक्ष्यामि यथावृत्तं नराधिप । राज्ञा यदुक्त भग्नेन तस्मिन्‌ व्यसन आगते

sañjaya uvāca śṛṇu rājan pravakṣyāmi yathāvṛttaṃ narādhipa | rājñā yad uktaṃ bhagnena tasmin vyasana āgate ||

Sañjaya thưa: “Xin nghe đây, tâu Đại vương; thần sẽ thuật lại đúng như đã xảy ra, hỡi bậc chúa tể loài người—những lời mà vị vua ấy đã nói khi tinh thần bị quật ngã và tai ương ập đến.”

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
शृणुlisten
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall tell
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormSimple Future, First, Singular
यथाas, according to how
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वृत्तम्what happened, the event
वृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नराधिपO lord of men (king)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
यत्what, that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
उक्तम्said, spoken
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भग्नेनby the defeated (one)
भग्नेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootभग्न
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
व्यसनेin calamity, in misfortune
व्यसने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यसन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
आगतेhaving come, when (it) had arrived
आगते:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
FormPast Active Participle (क्तवत्/क्त) used adjectivally, Neuter, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied by address rājan)
T
the king who was broken/defeated (unnamed here)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights truthful reporting (yathāvṛttam) and the ethical need to evaluate speech arising from defeat and calamity; it suggests that words spoken in distress reveal character and the consequences of adharma in war.

Sañjaya addresses the king and prepares to recount, exactly as it happened, what a certain king said when overwhelmed—defeated and struck by misfortune—setting up the next lines as a report of that speech.