Shloka 57

Adhyāya 33: Rauhiṇeya (Balarāma) is welcomed and takes his seat to witness the gadā-engagement

Devanagari script

उन्मत्तमिव मातज्ुं तलशब्देन मानवा: । भूय: संहर्षयामासू राजन्‌ दुर्योधनं नृपम्‌

Transliteration

unmattam iva mātaṅgaṃ talaśabdena mānavāḥ | bhūyaḥ saṃharṣayāmāsu rājann duryodhanaṃ nṛpam ||

Translation

Tâu Đại vương, như người đời vỗ tay ầm ĩ để chọc giận con voi đang vào kỳ động dục, cũng vậy họ liên tiếp vỗ tay, lấy tiếng ồn ấy mà càng làm bùng lên nơi vua Duryodhana niềm hân hoan chiến trận và lòng háo chiến—một hình ảnh cho thấy lời tung hô của đám đông có thể nuôi dưỡng kiêu mạn liều lĩnh ngay bên bờ giới hạn của dharma.

Word by Word

• उन्मत्तम्: maddened (one)
• उन्मत्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उन्मत्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इव: as if/like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• मातङ्गम्: elephant
• मातङ्गम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातङ्ग
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तलशब्देन: with the sound of clapping
• तलशब्देन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तलशब्द
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• मानवाः: men/people
• मानवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भूयः: again, repeatedly, further
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूयस्

• संहर्षयामासुः: they gladdened/they roused (to joy/ardor)
• Type: Verb
• Root: संहृष्
• Form: Perfect (Periphrastic Perfect), Third, Plural

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• दुर्योधनम्: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• नृपम्: the king
• नृपम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

दुर्योधन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Duryodhana
• mānavāḥ (people/men)
• mātaṅga (elephant)
• talaśabda (clapping sound)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse cautions that external applause and group encouragement can intensify a warrior’s intoxication with power and conflict, pushing him toward rash action; ethical discernment (dharma) must not be surrendered to the crowd’s excitement.

What is happening in the narrative?

Onlookers or attendants repeatedly clap and make a loud commotion, thereby heightening Duryodhana’s battle-joy and zeal—likened to how a musth elephant is roused and provoked by loud clapping.