Shloka 11

शकुनिवधः — Sahadeva’s Slaying of Śakuni

with Ulūka’s fall

Devanagari script

हत्वा तव बल सर्व संग्रामे धृतराष्ट्रज: । जितान्‌ पाण्डुसुतान्‌ मत्वा रूपं धारयते महत्‌

Transliteration

hatvā tava balaṁ sarvaṁ saṅgrāme dhṛtarāṣṭrajaḥ | jitān pāṇḍusutān matvā rūpaṁ dhārayate mahat ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Sau khi giết sạch toàn bộ binh lực của bệ hạ trên chiến địa, con trai của Dhṛtarāṣṭra—tưởng rằng các con của Pāṇḍu đã bị khuất phục—liền khoác lên mình dáng vẻ uy nghi, ngạo nghễ.

Word by Word

• हत्वा: having slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (√हन्)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral here), non-finite

• तव: of you/your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: any, षष्ठी (genitive), एकवचन

• बलम्: army/strength
• बलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन

• सर्वम्: entire/all
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन

• संग्रामे: in battle
• संग्रामे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (locative), एकवचन

• धृतराष्ट्रजः: son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
• धृतराष्ट्रजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्रज
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (nominative), एकवचन

• जितान्: conquered/defeated
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जि (√जि)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (accusative), बहुवचन

• पाण्डुसुतान्: the sons of Pāṇḍu (Pāṇḍavas)
• पाण्डुसुतान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डुसुत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (accusative), बहुवचन

• मत्वा: having thought/considered
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (√मन्)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral here), non-finite

• रूपम्: form/appearance
• रूपम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन

• धारयते: assumes/bears
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (√धृ)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, एकवचन

• महत्: great
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Dhṛtarāṣṭraja (a Kaurava prince)
• Pāṇḍusuta (the Pāṇḍavas)
• battle/saṅgrāma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse points to the ethical danger of moha (delusion) and mada (pride) born from violence: after destroying others, one may mistake temporary advantage for true victory and adopt an inflated self-image, ignoring the larger moral and karmic consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a Kaurava prince, after slaughtering Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s forces in the fighting, believes the Pāṇḍavas have been defeated and therefore carries himself with a grand, triumphant bearing.