Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 18

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

Devanagari script

तेषामापततां घोरस्तुमुल: समपद्यत

Transliteration

teṣām āpatatāṁ ghoras tumulaḥ samapadyata

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Khi các chiến binh ấy lao vào nhau, một cuộc va chạm ghê rợn và náo động bùng lên.

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• आपतताम्: of (those) rushing/falling upon
• आपतताम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-पत्
• Form: Present active participle, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• घोरः: terrible
• घोरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तुमुलः: tumultuous, loud
• तुमुलः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुमुल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समपद्यत: arose, came to be
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-√पद्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how unchecked martial fury quickly becomes collective chaos, implying an ethical warning: when conflict escalates beyond restraint, suffering multiplies and discernment is lost—even when actions are framed as duty.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes the moment when opposing fighters surge into close engagement; their charge produces a terrifying uproar—an intense, confused melee on the battlefield.