Shloka 10

Adhyāya 21 — Duryodhanasya bāṇavarṣaḥ

Duryodhana’s Arrow-Storm and the Dust-Obscured Engagements

Devanagari script

सात्वतौ च महावीर्यो धन्विनौ रथिनां वरौ । अन्योन्यमभ्यधावेतां शस्त्रप्रवरधारिणी

Transliteration

sātvatāu ca mahāvīryo dhanvinau rathināṁ varau | anyonyam abhyadhāvetāṁ śastrapravaradhāriṇī ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Hai dũng sĩ Sātvata—đều lẫm liệt, đều bậc nhất trong hàng chiến xa và tinh thông cung thuật—lao vào nhau, mỗi người mang theo vũ khí thượng hạng. Cảnh ấy nêu bật dharma nghiệt ngã của chiến trường: lòng dũng cảm và kỹ nghệ phô bày trong cuộc đối đầu trực diện, dẫu có thể dẫn đến diệt vong cho cả đôi bên.

Word by Word

• सात्वतौ: the two Sātvatas (Krishna and Sātyaki / men of the Sātvata line)
• सात्वतौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्वत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महावीर्यौ: two of great valor
• महावीर्यौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महावीर्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• धन्विनौ: two bowmen
• धन्विनौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धन्विन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• रथिनाम्: of chariot-warriors
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथिन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• वरौ: the two best
• वरौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• अन्योन्यम्: each other / mutually
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्योन्य

• अभ्यधावेताम्: they two ran towards / charged at
• Type: Verb
• Root: धाव्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada

• शस्त्रप्रवरधारिणौ: two bearing excellent weapons
• शस्त्रप्रवरधारिणौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शस्त्र-प्रवर-धारिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• two Sātvata warriors (unspecified in this pāda)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in its stark form: on the battlefield, warriors are bound to meet courage with courage. Ethical tension remains—heroic excellence is admired, yet it unfolds within the tragic necessity of war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes two mighty Sātvata bowmen, eminent chariot-warriors, rushing at each other in direct combat, each equipped with superior weapons—setting the stage for a fierce duel.