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Shloka 37

Adhyāya 52 (Sabhā-parva): Vidura Invites Yudhiṣṭhira to Hastināpura for the Dice Match

ता गृहीत्वा नरास्तत्र द्वारि तिष्ठन्ति वारिता: | प्रीत्यर्थ ब्राह्मणाश्रैव क्षत्रियाश्व विनिर्जिता:

tā gṛhītvā narās tatra dvāri tiṣṭhanti vāritāḥ | prītyarthaṃ brāhmaṇāś caiva kṣatriyāś ca vinirjitāḥ, upājahrur viśaś caiva śūdrāḥ śuśrūṣavas tathā ||

Duryodhana nói: “Cầm lấy những lễ vật ấy, họ đứng tại cổng, bị ngăn lại và không được phép vào. Vì muốn cầu ân sủng, các Bà-la-môn, những Kṣatriya bị chinh phục, các Vaiśya và các Śūdra khát khao phụng sự—tất thảy đều dâng quà tại đó với thiện chí phô bày ra ngoài.”

तान्those (things/offerings)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गृहीत्वाhaving taken
गृहीत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormAbsolutive (त्वा), Parasmaipada/General
नराःmen
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
द्वारिat the door
द्वारि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वार
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तिष्ठन्तिstand
तिष्ठन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
वारिताःrestrained, stopped
वारिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवारित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त) from √वार्/√वृ (to restrain/ward off)
प्रीत्यर्थम्for (his/their) pleasure
प्रीत्यर्थम्:
Prayojana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, अर्थम् used adverbially: 'for the sake of'
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विनिर्जिताःconquered, subdued
विनिर्जिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविनिर्जित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त) from √जि with prefixes वि-निर्
उपाजहुःoffered, presented (as gifts)
उपाजहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-यज्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
विशःVaishyas / the common people
विशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवalso
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
शूद्राःShudras
शूद्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शुश्रूषवःdesirous of service
शुश्रूषवः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुश्रूषु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाlikewise, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
D
dvāra (gate/door)
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kṣatriya
V
vaiśya (viś)
Ś
śūdra
U
upahāra (gifts/offerings)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how political dominance reshapes social behavior: even respected groups and defeated rulers offer gifts to secure favor. It implicitly raises an ethical tension between genuine respect and coerced or strategic displays of loyalty under power.

Duryodhana describes people arriving with offerings and being held at the palace gate. Various social groups—including conquered Kshatriyas and service-seeking Shudras—present gifts to please the ruling power, underscoring the atmosphere of tribute and controlled access at court.