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Shloka 36

Adhyāya 52 (Sabhā-parva): Vidura Invites Yudhiṣṭhira to Hastināpura for the Dice Match

शतशक्ष कुथांस्तत्र सिंहला: समुपाहरन्‌ । सिंहलदेशके क्षत्रियोंने समुद्रका सारभूत वैदूर्य, मोतियोंके ढेर तथा हाथियोंके सैकड़ों झूल अर्पित किये ।।

śataśaḥ śaṅkhān tatra siṃhalāḥ samupāharan | siṃhaladeśakāḥ kṣatriyāḥ samudrasārabhūtaṃ vaidūryaṃ muktāpuñjāṃś ca hastināṃ ca śataśo jhūlān arpitavantaḥ || saṃvṛtā maṇicīraiḥ tu śyāmās tāmrāntalocanāḥ | upājahruḥ viśaś caiva śūdrāḥ śuśrūṣavas tathā ||

Duryodhana nói: “Từ xứ Siṃhala, họ mang đến hàng trăm vỏ ốc và các lễ vật khác. Các Kṣatriya của đất Siṃhala dâng những báu vật như thể rút từ tinh túy của đại dương—ngọc vaidūrya, những đống ngọc trai, và hàng trăm bộ đồ trang sức cho voi. Khoác y phục đính châu ngọc, thân da sẫm và khóe mắt ửng đỏ, họ bị giữ lại nơi cổng, đứng đó cùng các lễ vật. Các Bà-la-môn, những Kṣatriya đã bị khuất phục, các Vaiśya và các Śūdra khát khao phụng sự cũng dâng quà với vẻ vui mừng bề ngoài.”

शतशःby hundreds, in hundreds
शतशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशतशस्
FormAvyaya
कुथान्blankets, woollen coverings
कुथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुथा
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
FormAvyaya
सिंहलाःthe Sinhalas (people of Siṃhala)
सिंहलाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिंहल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समुपाहरन्brought, presented
समुपाहरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+उप+आ+हृ
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person, Plural, Parasmaipada
संवृताःcovered, clad
संवृताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंवृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural (past passive participle used adjectivally)
मणिचीरैःwith jewel-garments
मणिचीरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमणिचीर
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
FormAvyaya
श्यामाःdark-complexioned
श्यामाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्याम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ताम्रान्तलोचनाःhaving eyes with coppery/red corners
ताम्रान्तलोचनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootताम्रान्तलोचन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उपाजहुःthey brought/presented
उपाजहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootउप+आ+हृ
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd person, Plural, Parasmaipada
विशःthe clans/people (common folk)
विशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya
शूद्राःŚūdras
शूद्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शुश्रूषवःdesirous of service, attendant-minded
शुश्रूषवः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुश्रूषु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाalso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
FormAvyaya

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
S
Siṃhala (Siṃhaladeśa)
K
Kṣatriyas
B
Brāhmaṇas
V
Vaiśyas (viś)
Ś
Śūdras
C
conches (śaṅkha)
V
vaidūrya gems
P
pearls (muktā)
E
elephants (hastin)
E
elephant trappings/caparison (jhūla)
G
gate/doorway (dvāra, implied)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights how political power expresses itself through tribute and ceremonial giving: wealth, exotic goods, and public deference become instruments of legitimacy. Ethically, it invites reflection on the difference between genuine respect and compliance produced by conquest or fear.

In the royal assembly context, Duryodhana describes delegations—especially from Siṃhala—arriving with lavish gifts such as gems, pearls, and elephant caparisons. Various social groups are depicted presenting offerings, while the Siṃhala men stand at the gate with their tribute under court protocol.