Shloka 59

Adhyāya 45 — Duryodhana’s Distress, Śakuni’s Counsel, and the Summons for Dyūta

Devanagari script

सुभद्रां द्रोपदीं चैव सभाजयत केशव: । निष्क्रम्यान्त:पुरात्‌ तस्माद्‌ युधिष्ठिरसहायवान्‌

Transliteration

subhadrāṁ draupadīṁ caiva sabhājayat keśavaḥ | niṣkramyāntaḥpurāt tasmād yudhiṣṭhira-sahāyavān ||

Translation

Vaiśaṃpāyana nói: Keśava (Kṛṣṇa) cũng ân cần chào hỏi Subhadrā và Draupadī, dùng lời nhã nhặn khiến hai nàng hoan hỷ. Rồi, có Yudhiṣṭhira đi cùng, Người bước ra khỏi nội cung.

Word by Word

• सुभद्राम्: Subhadrā (as object)
• सुभद्राम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुभद्रा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• द्रौपदीम्: Draupadī (as object)
• द्रौपदीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रौपदी
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सभाजयत्: honoured/greeted
• Type: Verb
• Root: सभाजय् (सभाजयति)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• केशवः: Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• केशवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निष्क्रम्य: having gone out
• Type: Verb
• Root: निष्क्रम्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), ल्यप्

• अन्तःपुरात्: from the inner apartments
• अन्तःपुरात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तःपुर
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• तस्मात्: from there/thereafter
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• युधिष्ठिर-सहायवान्: having Yudhiṣṭhira as companion
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहायवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Subhadrā
• Draupadī
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• antaḥpura (inner palace quarters)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharmic conduct in a royal setting: honoring women of the household with respectful speech and proper greetings, and maintaining decorum in movement between private and public spaces.

What is happening in the narrative?

Kṛṣṇa meets and courteously greets Subhadrā and Draupadī in the inner quarters, pleases them with kind words, and then exits the antaḥpura together with Yudhiṣṭhira.