Shloka 44

उत्पातदर्शनम् — Portents and Kāla among the Vṛṣṇis

Devanagari script

साम्बं च निहतं दृष्टवा चारुदेष्णं च माधव:

Transliteration

sāmbaṁ ca nihataṁ dṛṣṭvā cārudeṣṇaṁ ca mādhavaḥ

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: Thấy Sāmba bị giết, lại thấy Cārudeṣṇā ngã xuống, Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa) chứng kiến sự suy vong của chính tộc hệ mình—một kết cục cho thấy ngay cả bậc hùng cường cũng không thể ngăn sự chín muồi của nghiệp số khi dharma bị xúc phạm và tự chế bị vứt bỏ.

Word by Word

• साम्बम्: Sāmba (proper name)
• साम्बम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: साम्ब
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• निहतम्: slain, killed
• निहतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-हन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा)

• चारुदेष्णम्: Cārudeṣṇa (proper name)
• चारुदेष्णम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चारुदेष्ण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• माधवः: Mādhava (Krishna)
• माधवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: माधव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sāmba
• Cārudeṣṇa
• Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Vaiśampāyana

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the moral gravity of adharma and loss of self-restraint: when wrongdoing and arrogance mature into consequences, even divine or heroic power does not negate the fruition of karma; it must be endured.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Mausala Parva’s account of the Yādavas’ destruction, Kṛṣṇa (Mādhava) sees that Sāmba and Cārudeṣṇa have been killed, marking the irreversible collapse of his clan.