Shloka 46

Devanagari script

परानभिमुखांश्रैव सुतस्ते समुपाद्रवत्‌ । ततो दुर्योधन: सर्वानाजुहावाथ पाण्डवान्‌

Transliteration

parānabhimukhāṁś caiva sutas te samupādravat | tato duryodhanaḥ sarvān ājuhāvātha pāṇḍavān ||

Translation

Sañjaya thưa: Con trai bệ hạ lao thẳng vào những kẻ đang đối mặt với mình. Rồi Duryodhana cất tiếng gọi, thách thức toàn thể các Pāṇḍava.

Word by Word

• परान्: others, the enemies
• परान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अभिमुखान्: facing (him), front-facing
• अभिमुखान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभिमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सुतः: son
• सुतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ते: of you/thy
• ते: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• समुपाद्रवत्: ran up/charged
• Type: Verb
• Root: द्रु (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• आजुहाव: called/summoned
• Type: Verb
• Root: ह्वा (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अथ: then, and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• पाण्डवान्: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Pāṇḍavas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how, in war, leaders’ choices—charging and issuing challenges—can intensify violence. It implicitly contrasts kṣatriya duty (meeting the foe directly) with the ethical danger of pride and provocation that can eclipse restraint and wise counsel.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana advanced against opponents who were facing him, and then openly called out, summoning/challenging all the Pāṇḍavas to fight—signaling a direct, confrontational phase of the battle.