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Shloka 21

वे दोनों पुरुषसिंह रथपर विराजमान और रथियोंमें श्रेष्ठ थे। दोनोंने विशाल धनुष धारण किये थे। दोनों ही बाण

sañjaya uvāca | tau dvau puruṣasiṃhau rathopasthitau rathināṃ variṣṭhau | ubhau vipuladhanurdharau | ubhau bāṇaśaktyā dhvajena ca sampannau | ubhau kavacadharau kaṭyāṃ ca asiṃ baddhvā | ubhayor aśvāḥ śvetavarṇāḥ | ubhau śaṅkhaśobhitau uttamatuṇīrasampannau darśanīyau ca | ubhayor aṅgeṣu raktacandanānulepaḥ | ubhau vṛṣabhāv iva madamattau | ubhayor dhanūṃṣi dhvajāś ca vidyutprakhyāḥ kāntimantaḥ | ubhau śastrasaṃghaiḥ yuddhe kuśalau | ubhau cāmaravyajanopetau śvetacchatravirājitau | ekasya sārathiḥ śrīkṛṣṇaḥ anyasya śalyaḥ | tayor ubhayor mahārathayor rūpam ekam iva | skandhau siṃhasamānau bāhū mahāntau netre raktāni | ubhau suvarṇamālādhāriṇau | ubhau siṃhonnataskandhaiḥ prakāśitau | ubhayor vakṣaḥ pṛthu ubhau mahābalau | ubhau parasparavadham icchantau parasparajayābhilāṣiṇau | gośālāyāṃ yuddhyamānau dvau vṛṣabhāv iva parasparaṃ abhyadhāvataḥ | madamattadvipāv iva roṣāveśabharitau | parvatāv iva acalāv | viṣadharasarpaśiśuvaj jātau | yamakālāntakasamā bhīṣaṇau | indravṛtrāsurāv iva anyonyaṃ kupitau | sūryacandramasāv iva prabhāṃ vikiran tau | krodhabharitau dvau mahāgrahāv iva pralayaṃ kartum utthitau | ubhau devabālakau devavat balinau devatulyarūpavantau | daivecchayā bhūtale avatīrṇau sūryacandramasāv iva śobhāṃ prāptau | ubhau samare balinau abhimāninau | yuddhāya nānāvidhāstrāṇi śastrāṇi ca dhṛtvā | prajānātha! sammukhībhūtau dvau siṃhāv iva tau naravyāghrau vīrau dṛṣṭvā tava sainikānāṃ mahān harṣaḥ abhavat |

Sañjaya thưa: Hai dũng sĩ như sư tử ấy rực rỡ trên chiến xa, bậc nhất trong hàng chiến binh xa chiến. Mỗi người mang một cây cung lớn; mỗi người đủ tên, lao và cờ hiệu. Mặc giáp, thắt gươm nơi hông, chiến xa do ngựa trắng kéo, họ hiện ra tuấn tú—điểm trang bằng tù và và có ống tên thượng hạng. Tay chân thoa đàn hương đỏ; như đôi bò mộng say men kiêu hãnh, họ cuộn trào khí thế. Cung và cờ lóe sáng như chớp; tinh thông giao chiến bằng muôn thứ binh khí; có phất trần, quạt và lọng trắng làm tăng vẻ uy nghi. Một người có Śrī Kṛṣṇa làm xa phu, người kia có Śalya; hai đại xa chiến dường như đồng dạng—vai như sư tử, tay dài, mắt đỏ, đeo vòng hoa vàng, ngực rộng, sức mạnh vô song. Mỗi người đều muốn giết đối phương và khát khao thắng lợi. Như hai bò mộng xông nhau trong chuồng, như hai voi đực đang kỳ động dục điên cuồng vì giận dữ, họ lao vào nhau—vững như núi, đáng sợ như Yama, Kāla và Antaka; giận dữ như Indra và Vṛtrāsura; rực sáng như mặt trời và mặt trăng; như hai hành tinh lớn nổi lên trong cơn thịnh nộ để gieo hủy diệt. Sinh từ chư thiên, mạnh và đẹp như chư thiên, họ tựa mặt trời và mặt trăng theo ý trời mà giáng xuống trần gian. Vì thế, hỡi chúa tể loài người, khi quân sĩ của ngài thấy hai dũng tướng như hổ ấy đối mặt nhau như hai sư tử, trong toàn quân bừng dậy một niềm hân hoan lớn lao.

tethose two
te:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ubhauboth
ubhau:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootubha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
puruṣa-siṃhaulion-like men (best of men)
puruṣa-siṃhau:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣasiṃha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ratha-sthaustanding/placed on chariots
ratha-sthau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootrathastha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
rathināmof chariot-warriors
rathinām:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootrathin
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
śreṣṭhauthe best
śreṣṭhau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootśreṣṭha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
mahā-dhanur-dharaubearing great bows
mahā-dhanur-dharau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootmahādhanurdhara
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
bāṇa-śakti-dhvaja-sampannauequipped with arrows, spears, and banners
bāṇa-śakti-dhvaja-sampannau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootbāṇaśaktidhvajasampanna
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
kavaca-dharauwearing armor
kavaca-dharau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootkavacadhara
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
kaṭi-baddha-asiwith swords fastened at the waist
kaṭi-baddha-asi:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootkaṭibaddhāsi
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
śveta-aśvauhaving white horses / white-horsed
śveta-aśvau:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootśvetāśva
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
śaṅkha-śobhitauadorned with conches
śaṅkha-śobhitau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootśaṅkhaśobhita
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
uttama-tūṇīra-sampannauprovided with excellent quivers
uttama-tūṇīra-sampannau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootuttamatūṇīrasampanna
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
darśanīyaubeautiful to behold
darśanīyau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootdarśanīya
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
rakta-candana-anuliptāṅgauwith limbs smeared with red sandal paste
rakta-candana-anuliptāṅgau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootraktacandanānuliptāṅga
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
vṛṣabha-sama-mattaintoxicated like bulls
vṛṣabha-sama-matta:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootvṛṣabhasamamatta
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
vidyut-sama-kāntimantausplendid like lightning
vidyut-sama-kāntimantau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootvidyutsamakāntimat
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
yuddha-kuśalauskilled in battle
yuddha-kuśalau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootyuddhakuśala
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
cāmara-vyajana-yuktauattended with chowries and fans
cāmara-vyajana-yuktau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootcāmaravyajanayukta
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
śveta-chatra-śobhitauadorned with a white parasol
śveta-chatra-śobhitau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootśvetachatraśobhita
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ekasyaof one
ekasya:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rooteka
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
sārathiḥcharioteer
sārathiḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootsārathi
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
śrī-kṛṣṇaḥŚrī Kṛṣṇa
śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ:
Karta
TypeProperNoun
Rootkṛṣṇa
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
anyasyaof the other
anyasya:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootanya
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
śalyaḥŚalya
śalyaḥ:
Karta
TypeProperNoun
Rootśalya
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
tayorof those two
tayor:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
mahā-rathyoḥof the two great chariot-warriors
mahā-rathyoḥ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootmahārathi
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
rūpauforms/appearances
rūpau:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual
samaequal
sama:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsama
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual
ivaas if/like
iva:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva
siṃha-skandhaulion-shouldered
siṃha-skandhau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsiṃhaskandha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
dīrgha-bāhūlong-armed
dīrgha-bāhū:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootdīrghabāhu
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
rakta-netraured-eyed
rakta-netrau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootraktanetra
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
suvarṇa-mālā-dharauwearing golden garlands
suvarṇa-mālā-dharau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsuvarṇamālādhara
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
mahā-balavantauvery strong
mahā-balavantau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootmahābalavat
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
anyonya-vadha-kāmaudesiring each other's death
anyonya-vadha-kāmau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootanyonyavadhakāma
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
paraspara-jaya-abhilāṣiṇauseeking victory over one another
paraspara-jaya-abhilāṣiṇau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootparasparajayābhilāṣin
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
gośālāyāmin a cowshed
gośālāyām:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootgośālā
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
yuddhyamānaufighting
yuddhyamānau:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootyudh
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
vṛṣabhautwo bulls
vṛṣabhau:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootvṛṣabha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ivalike
iva:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva
anyonya-ābhimukhaufacing each other
anyonya-ābhimukhau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootanyonyābhimukha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
abhidudruvatuḥthey rushed/ran at
abhidudruvatuḥ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootdru
FormPerfect, Third, Dual
mada-unmattaumaddened with rut
mada-unmattau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootmadonmatta
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
gaja-uttamauexcellent elephants
gaja-uttamau:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootgajottama
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ivalike
iva:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva
roṣa-āveśa-bharitaufilled with a surge of wrath
roṣa-āveśa-bharitau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootroṣāveśabharita
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
parvata-samalike mountains
parvata-sama:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootparvatasama
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
avicālauunshaken
avicālau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootavicāla
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
viṣa-dhara-sarpa-śiśu-samalike young poisonous serpents
viṣa-dhara-sarpa-śiśu-sama:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootviṣadharasarpaśiśusama
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
yama-kāla-antaka-samaterrible like Yama, Kāla, and Antaka
yama-kāla-antaka-sama:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootyamakālāntakasama
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
indra-vṛtra-samalike Indra and Vṛtra (mutually enraged)
indra-vṛtra-sama:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootindravṛtrasama
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
sūrya-candra-samalike the sun and the moon
sūrya-candra-sama:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsūryacandrasama
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
prabhāṃradiance
prabhāṃ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootprabhā
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
vikirantauscattering/spreading
vikirantau:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
pralayein destruction / at the end-time
pralaye:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootpralaya
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
grahautwo planets/seizers
grahau:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootgraha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ivalike
iva:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva
utthitaurisen up
utthitau:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootut-sthā
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
deva-bālakausons/children of the gods
deva-bālakau:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdevabālaka
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
deva-sama-balinaustrong like gods
deva-sama-balinau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootdevasamabala
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
deva-tulya-rūpavantauhandsome like gods
deva-tulya-rūpavantau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootdevatulyarūpavat
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
daiva-icchayāby divine will
daiva-icchayā:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootdaivecchā
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
bhū-taleon the earth's surface
bhū-tale:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootbhūtala
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
avatīrṇaudescended
avatīrṇau:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootava-tṝ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
sūrya-candra-ivalike the sun and the moon
sūrya-candra-iva:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootsūryacandra
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
samara-aṅgaṇein the battlefield
samara-aṅgaṇe:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootsamarāṅgaṇa
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
balavantaustrong
balavantau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootbalavat
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
abhimāninauproud
abhimāninau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootabhimānin
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
yuddhāyafor battle
yuddhāya:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootyuddha
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
nānā-vidha-astra-śastra-dhāriṇaubearing various weapons and missiles
nānā-vidha-astra-śastra-dhāriṇau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootnānāvidhāstraśastradhārin
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
prajā-nāthaO lord of subjects (king)
prajā-nātha:
Adhikarana
TypeProperNoun
Rootprajānātha
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
sammukhī-bhūtaustanding face to face
sammukhī-bhūtau:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsammukhībhūta
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
siṃhautwo lions
siṃhau:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootsiṃha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ivalike
iva:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva
tauthose two
tau:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
nara-vyāghrautiger-like men (heroes)
nara-vyāghrau:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootnaravyāghra
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
vīrautwo heroes
vīrau:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootvīra
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
tavayour
tava:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Roottvad
FormGenitive, Singular
sainikānāmof the soldiers
sainikānām:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootsainika
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
mahāngreat
mahān:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
harṣaḥjoy
harṣaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootharṣa
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
abhavatarose/occurred
abhavat:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootbhū
FormImperfect, Third, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
Ś
Śalya
Y
Yama
K
Kāla
A
Antaka
I
Indra
V
Vṛtrāsura
S
sun (Sūrya)
M
moon (Candra)
T
two warriors (implied: Arjuna and Karṇa)
C
chariot
B
bow
A
arrows
Ś
śakti (javelin)
B
banner/standard (dhvaja)
A
armour (kavaca)
S
sword (asi)
W
white horses
C
conch (śaṅkha)
Q
quiver (tuṇīra)
R
red sandal paste (raktacandana)
F
fly-whisks (cāmara)
F
fans (vyajana)
W
white parasol (śvetacchatra)
G
gośālā (cowshed)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the epic’s martial ethic: greatness in war is portrayed through discipline, splendour, and fearsome resolve, yet it is framed by inevitability—heroes appear as instruments of a larger, ‘divine will’ (daivecchā). The imagery also warns that pride and wrath can become world-destroying forces when two equals seek mutual annihilation.

Sañjaya describes two supreme chariot-warriors facing each other in the battlefield, matched in appearance and power. One is driven by Kṛṣṇa and the other by Śalya, and the army rejoices at the sight of this climactic confrontation as the two charge like rival bulls or lions.