Shloka 10

Devanagari script

आजलसश्नु: कुरवस्तत्र वादित्राणि समन्ततः । कर्ण प्रहर्षयिष्यन्त: शड्खान्‌ दध्मुश्न॒ सर्वश:

Transliteration

ājalasaśnuḥ kuravas tatra vāditrāṇi samantataḥ | karṇa praharṣayiṣyantaḥ śaṅkhān dadhmuḥ sarvaśaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Tại đó, quân Kaurava khiến nhạc khí vang rền khắp bốn phía; và để làm Karṇa hân hoan, nâng dậy khí phách của chàng, họ thổi tù và ốc (śaṅkha) khắp nơi.

Word by Word

• आजलसश्नुः: having reached the water / having come to the water (i.e., arrived at the waterside)
• आजलसश्नुः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ-जलस-श्नु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कुरवः: the Kurus
• कुरवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• वादित्राणि: musical instruments
• वादित्राणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वादित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• समन्ततः: on all sides
• समन्ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः

• कर्ण: O Karna
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• प्रहर्षयिष्यन्तः: intending to gladden / about to exhilarate
• प्रहर्षयिष्यन्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-हृष् (धातु) → प्रहर्षयिष्यत् (कृदन्त/भविष्यत्कालिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Periphrastic future (भावी/लुट्-समर्थ अर्थ), Parasmaipada (causative sense)

• शङ्खान्: conches
• शङ्खान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्ख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दध्मुः: they blew
• दध्मुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: ध्मा (धातु)
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• सर्वशः: in every way / everywhere
• सर्वशः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वशः

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kauravas (Kuravas)
• Karna
• conches (śaṅkha)
• musical instruments (vāditra)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how collective ritual—music, conches, and public display—can be used to fortify morale and loyalty in a leader (here, Karṇa). Ethically, it points to the power of social reinforcement: it can inspire courage, but it can also propel groups toward destructive action when aligned with adharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that the Kaurava forces, surrounding the area, sound instruments and blow conches in all directions to celebrate and encourage Karṇa, signaling readiness and stirring the army’s fighting spirit.