Shloka 11

Devanagari script

क्रुद्धा: क्रूरैर्महामात्रै: पाष्ण्यड्गुष्ठप्रचोदिता: । चतु:शता: शरवरैहता: पेतु: किरीटिना

Transliteration

kruddhāḥ krūraiḥ mahāmātraiḥ pāṣṇyaṅguṣṭha-pracoditāḥ | catuḥśatāḥ śaravarair hatāḥ petuḥ kirīṭinā ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Những chiến tượng ấy nổi giận, bị các tướng chỉ huy tàn bạo thúc ép—dồn bằng gót và mũi chân. Bốn trăm con, trúng những loạt tên như mưa, đã ngã xuống dưới tay Kirīṭin (Arjuna). Câu kệ cho thấy cơn giận và sự lãnh đạo bằng cưỡng bức đẩy kẻ dưới quyền vào chỗ diệt vong; còn võ nghệ, khi được thả lỏng trong chiến tranh, có thể biến đội ngũ kỷ luật thành đổ nát chỉ trong khoảnh khắc.

Word by Word

• क्रुद्धाः: angered
• क्रुद्धाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (√क्रुध्)
• Form: feminine, nominative, plural

• क्रूरैः: by cruel (ones)
• क्रूरैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रूर
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

• महामात्रैः: by great officers/commanders
• महामात्रैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महामात्र
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

• पाष्ण्यङ्गुष्ठप्रचोदिताः: urged on by heel-and-toe (spurring)
• पाष्ण्यङ्गुष्ठप्रचोदिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पाष्ण्यङ्गुष्ठप्रचोदित (प्र + √चुद्)
• Form: feminine, nominative, plural

• चतुःशताः: four hundred (in number)
• चतुःशताः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुःशत
• Form: feminine, nominative, plural

• शरवरैः: by showers/volleys of arrows
• शरवरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरवर
• Form: neuter, instrumental, plural

• हताः: slain
• हताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत (√हन्)
• Form: feminine, nominative, plural

• पेतुः: fell
• पेतुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पत्
• Form: perfect (liṭ), 3rd, plural

• किरीटिना: by the diademed one (Arjuna)
• किरीटिना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: किरीटिन्
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kirīṭin (Arjuna)
• mahāmātras (commanders/officers)
• arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical cost of anger and coercive command: when leaders drive men forward through harshness, warriors become instruments of wrath and are quickly consumed by the violence they enter. It implicitly contrasts impulsive rage and forced momentum with the sobering consequences of battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that a body of four hundred fighters, urged on by their commanders, advanced in fury but were cut down by Kirīṭin (Arjuna) through intense volleys of arrows, and they fell on the battlefield.