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Shloka 45

रथैश्व कुण्जरैश्वैव न प्राज़्ायत किड्चन । मरे हुए घोड़ों, पैदलों, रथों और हाथियोंसे पट जानेके कारण वहाँकी ऊँची-नीची भूमिका कुछ पता नहीं लगता था ।। नापि स्वे न परे योधा: प्राज्ञायन्त परस्परम्‌

rathaiś ca kuñjaraiś caiva na prājñāyata kiñcana | na api sve na pare yodhāḥ prājñāyanta parasparam ||

Sañjaya thưa: Xe chiến và voi nằm ngổn ngang khắp nơi, khiến không còn phân biệt rõ được điều gì. Mặt đất chỗ cao chỗ trũng cũng không thể nhận ra, vì bị phủ kín bởi những kẻ ngã xuống—ngựa chết, bộ binh, chiến xa và voi. Trong cơn hỗn loạn ấy, các chiến sĩ không nhận ra nổi cả phe mình lẫn phe địch; họ không thể nhận diện nhau giữa biển tàn sát.

रथैःby/with chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुञ्जरैःby/with elephants
कुञ्जरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राज्ञायतwas known/was discerned
प्राज्ञायत:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (passive-like sense)
किञ्चनanything (at all)
किञ्चन:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिञ्चन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
स्वेin one's own (side)
स्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परेin the other/enemy (side)
परे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
योधाःwarriors
योधाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोद्धृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राज्ञायन्तwere recognized/known
प्राज्ञायन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada (passive-like sense)
परस्परम्mutually/each other
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
ratha (chariots)
K
kuñjara (elephants)
A
aśva (horses)
P
pādāti (foot-soldiers/infantry)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the moral and human cost of war: violence breeds such overwhelming chaos that even basic discernment—friend versus foe, the very shape of the earth—collapses. It implicitly warns that adharma-driven conflict destroys clarity, order, and humane recognition.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield so densely covered with fallen horses, infantry, chariots, and elephants that the terrain cannot be distinguished. The fighting has become so confused that warriors cannot recognize their own allies or identify enemies, losing mutual recognition amid the carnage.