Shloka 11

Devanagari script

प्रविश्य च महत्‌ सैन्यं शल्य: परबलार्दन: । न्ययच्छत्‌ तुरगान्‌ हृष्टो यत्र यत्रैच्छदग्रणी:

Transliteration

praviśya ca mahat sainyaṃ śalyaḥ parabala-ardanaḥ | nyayacchat turagān hṛṣṭo yatra yatraicchad agraṇīḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Śalya, kẻ nghiền nát sức mạnh của địch, xông vào đạo quân mênh mông ấy và—ở bất cứ nơi nào vị thống soái muốn—ông liền ghìm giữ đôi ngựa, lòng đầy hân hoan.

Word by Word

• प्रविश्य: having entered
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (अव्यय-क्रियाविशेषण), कर्तरि

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महत्: great, huge
• महत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• शल्यः: Shalya
• शल्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परबलार्दनः: destroyer of the enemy's forces
• परबलार्दनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर-बल-अर्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• न्ययच्छत्: checked, restrained, held back
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-यम् (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तुरगान्: horses
• तुरगान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुरग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• हृष्टः: delighted, joyful
• हृष्टः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; √हृष् से क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र

• यत्र: wherever
• यत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र

• ऐच्छत्: desired, wished
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष् (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अग्रणीः: leader, commander
• अग्रणीः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्रणी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Shalya
• army (sainya)
• horses (turaga)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in war, power must be governed by disciplined control and obedience to rightful command; the ability to restrain (not merely to charge) is presented as a crucial virtue and tactical skill.

What is happening in the narrative?

Shalya enters the thick of the great army and, responding to the leader’s intention, repeatedly checks and positions the chariot-horses wherever needed, showing active, skillful charioteering amid battle movements.